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Beginning of the rule of William and Mary in England.
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Was the Fall of Constantinople to the Turks
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The Turks besiege Vienna.
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New star (supernova), fully described by Kepler in De stella nova (1606), hence "Kepler's star."
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Francis Bacon (1561-1626) publishes Two Books of Francis Bacon, of the Proficiencie and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Human.
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Foundation of Virginia by the English.
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Was the Foundation of Quebec by the French
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Henry IV, King of France, is murdered. He is succeeded by his son, Louis XIII (d. 1643), during whose reign Cardinal Richelieu ruled France de facto.
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Was the year King James Bible is published.
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Foundation of New York by the Dutch.
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Beginning of the Thirty Years' War, which devastates much of the German region.
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Was the year First African slaves found in Virginia.
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Hugo Grotius publishes Law of War and Peace. Beginning of the reign of Charles I of England.
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Francis Bacon's New Atlantis is published posthumously.
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Was the Foundation of Harvard College
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René Descartes (1596-1650) publishes his Discourse on Method.
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Death of Galileo, Birth of Isaac Newton (1642-1727). Beginning of civil war in England (ended 1649).
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Charles I of England beheaded by Cromwell and the "Rump" Parliament.
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Foundation of the Accademia del Cimento in Florence, whose
meetings last until 1667. -
Restoration of the English Monarchy. Foundation of the Royal Society of London.
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Charles II (d. 1685) crowned king of England Louis XIV (1643-1715) begins governing France. Robert Boyle (1625-1692) publishes The Skeptical Chymist.
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First issue of Journal des Sçavans published by the French Academy.
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Repeal of the Edict of Nantes in France.James II ascends the throne of England.
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Publication of Essay Concerning Human Understanding by John Locke (1632-1704)
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When Columbus landed in the New World as well the time when Jews and Moslems expelled from Spain and also when Vasco Da Game landed in Goa (Indian subcontinent)
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Was the Birth of Charles V of Hapsburg, who became Lord of the Netherlands in 1515,King of Spain in 1516,and was elected Holy Roman Emperor (German-speaking region) in 1519.He ruled most of Europe until his abdication in 1556.
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Was when Henry VIII ascends the throne of England. Ruled until 1547.
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Martin Luther nails his 95 theses to the door of the cathedral in wittenberg. During this time,it was also the beginning of the Protestant Reformation.
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The Turks besiege Vienna.
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Luther publishes his German bible.
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John Calvin (1509-1564) publishes his Institutes of Christian religion.
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Pope Paul III authorizes the Society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius of Loyola (1491-1556).
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Calvin becomes the reformer (and de facto ruler) of Geneva.He occupies this function until his death in 1564.
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Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543) published De Revolutionibus
Orbium Coelestium. -
The Beginning of the Council of Trent, which met 1545-1547,1551-1552,1562-1563.Last church council until Vatican council of 1870.)
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Michael Servetus (1511-1553), who denied the Trinity,
burned at the stake by Calvin in Geneva.It was during the Foundation of the University of Mexico. -
Peace of Augsburg: victory for the Lutheran cause in Germany.
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The Foundation of the University of Lima.
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Elizabeth I of Tudor becomes Queen of England. Her rule lasts until her death in 1603.
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Beginning of wars of religion in France. These last until Henry IV of Navarre ascends the throne in 1589.
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Beginning of the revolt of the northern Low Countries against Philip II,King of Spain.
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Birth of Johannes Kepler (d.1630).Defeat of the Turks in the naval battle of Lepanto.
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The Foundation of the University of Leyden.
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The year Cortez conquered Mexico.
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New star (nova stella, or nova) in Cassiopeia, fully des- cribed by Tycho Brahe (hence "Tycho's star"). This was, in fact, a supernova. St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, in which thousands of French Protestants (Huguenots) were killed on the order.
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Pope Gregory XIII institutes the Gregorian Calendar.
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Henry of Navarre (1553-1610) becomes the first Bourbon king, Henry IV, of France.
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Kepler publishes The New Astromomy, in which he introduces elliptical astronomy.
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Comet of 1577, fully described by Tycho Brahe.
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Spanish Armada defeated by the weather and the English fleet.
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Johannes Kepler publishes Cosmographic Mystery.
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Edict of Nantes, under which Protestants in France are allowed to practice their religion in peace.
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Elizabeth I, Queen of England, dies, and with her the Tudor line. Her successor is James I of the House of Stuart, who ruled until 1625.
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Giordano Bruno burned at the stake in Rome.William Gilbert (1540-1603) publishes On the Magnet.
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Founding of the Bank of England.
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Death of William III of Orange, King of England and
stadholder of the Netherlands.
Beginning of the reign of Queen Anne in England. -
Beginning of the rule of William and Mary in England.
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First issue of Philosophical Transactions published by Henry Oldenburg, secretary of the Royal Society. Robert Hooke (1635-1703) publishes Micrographia.
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Foundation of the Académie Royale des Sciences by Louis XIV.