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Period: 1509 to 1547
Reign of King Henry VIII
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Oct 31, 1517
The 95 theses are nailed to the door of the Wittemberg church
Martin Luther, a german monk and profesor of theology opposed the ideas of the Roman Catholic Church. Specifically regarding salvation and the sale of indulgences. He wrote the 95 theses, a text explaining his point of view regarding christianism and criticising the ways of the Church. -
1526
The Tyndale Bible is published
First Bible in english, translated by William Tyndale. This change finally allows the laics to read scripture, which was previously reserved to priests due to the fact that, previously, the Bible was entirely written in Latin. -
1533
The King is excommunicated
Henry the VIII wanted to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, to marry Anne Boleyn. However, the Pope refused. The King decided to do it anyways and the pope, saying that Anne Boleyn was not the King's wife, excommunicated him, officially "banning" him from the Catholic Church -
1534
The Schism
Henry the VIII wanted to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, to marry Anne Boleyn. However, the Pope refused and Henry decided to separate England from the Roman Catholic Church. He created the Church of England and made himself "Supreme Head of the Church of England". -
Period: 1536 to 1537
The Pilgrimage of Grace.
Following the schism between England and the Roman Catholic Church, Henry the 8 decided to disband monasteries as he considered them to be "bastions of popery". Following that, many people rose up against that decision and the protestaantism of the King, wishing to go back to Catholicism, they fought for 6 month smostly in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI's reign
The young boy becomes king and follows into his father's footsteps, he continues to enforce protestant values in England. However he had a short reign as he died of tuberculosis at the age of 15. -
1549
Publication of the Book of Common Prayer
Published under the reign of Edward VI. This book eradicated many catholic practices and imagery such as statues and stained glass. It also implemanted many protestants ideas: The clergy can now get married and masses must be done in English. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary Tudor's Reign
The first queen of England will spend her short reign trying to destroy the changes done by her father and half-brother as well as restoring Catholicism and killing protestants by burning them at the stakes. Earning her the nickname "Bloody Mary" -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I's Reign
Daughter of King Henry 8 and his second wife, Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth has to face many issues when she gets to the throne mostly regarding the religious tensions in the country, as well as the fact that many people question her legitimacy as Queen of England. However her reign is now recognized as a "golden era" for England. -
Period: 1559 to 1563
The Elizabethan Settlement
Queen Elizabeth tries to pacify the country that is torn apart by religious issues, She creates the Elizabethan settlement, a middle way making compromises by including certain aspects of protestantism and catholicism in the Anglican Church. -
1570
The pope excommunicates Queen Elisabeth the first
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Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, is executed.
Elizabeth's cousin, Mary Stuart was a threat to the Queen's power. Many people believed that she was the righteous heiress to the throne and that shee should be crowned Queen of england and she was Catholic. Many Catholic plots against Elizabeth aspired to kill her and put Mary on the throne instead. In 1586, Proof of Mary's involvement in the "Babington plot" was discovered and she was beheaded. -
The defeat of the Invincible Spanish armada
Many frictions led to a war between England and Spain and in 1588 the two countries fought at sea. Thanks to England's new fleet of 800 boats, battle strategy and recruiting efforts (as well as the weather). England was Victorious. This reinforced Elizabeth's title as Queen and her qualities as ruler of England. -
Period: to
Reign of King James I of England/ VI of Scotland .
Nephew of Elizabeth I and Son of Mary Stuart. Although he was a Calvinist and a protestant, he followed the Elizabethan settlement disapointting both puritans who wanted him to go towards protestantism and catholics who hoped he would have the same faith as his mother and that he would go back to catholicism. He was a very lavish king with excentric tastes and that would send England spiralling down in civil wars due to his problematic relationship to parliament and financial issues. -
First Englsih colony: Jamestown, Virginia
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Period: to
the starving time
period of stravation and many settlers died but teh discovery of a new kind of tobacco saved Jamestown -
Great Contract
Contract created by Parliament to put in place a fixed sum fro the king to receive because he was raising taxxes without the consent of Parliament -
Period: to
The Thirty Years' War
King James' daughter was married off to the Elector of Palatine, who was promised the throne of ¨Protestant Bohemia in place of Emperor Ferdinand Habsburg this led to a war between Catholic Spain (supporting the emperor) and France, Scandinavia and the Dutch republic (on the elector's side). King James wanted to participate in the war to help his son-in-lawn and because England was a powerful Protestant country. But he needed money that parliament gave him in 1624, a year before his death. -
Period: to
The Reign of Charles I
Son of King James. Charles was a king who favoured the Arminians, a minority of protestants who wished to restore certain Catholic practices. Charles viewed any criticism as an insult and a challenge to his power. His personality and many issues with Parliament brought forth a complicated era for England. -
Petition of rights
petition created by the Parliament to force the king to recognize that many of the things he was doing were illegal (extraparliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial...) -
Period: to
The Personal Rule
During these 11 years, King Charles did not call on Parliament because it disageed with him and wanted to impeach Lord Buckingham, The King's advisor. -
the book of Common Prayer is introduced in Scotland
Scotland and England did not have the same belief regarding religion or their practices and scottish people did not enjoy the introduction of the book of cpmmon prayer in their country, Even starting riots and throwing chairs at bishops. -
The Scots invade england
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The Irish Revolution
After king James 1 had implemented a plantation policy, Irish Catholic rose up against protestant settlers -
The Grand Remonstrance
documented voted by parliament which summarized the wrongdoings of Charles 1 and made demands such as the right for parliament to control the army sent to Ireland
This created two sides : The parliamentalists and the royalists -
Period: to
The first civil war
war between the royalists and the parliamentarians -
king Charles declares war on Parliament
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King Charles 1 is executed
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Period: to
The second Civil War
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a law abolished monarchy
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Period: to
Commonwealth
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End of the Commonwealth
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Period: to
the cromwell protectorate
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King Charles surrendered
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the english invaded Jamaica
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Charles 2 is restored as King
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Charles 2 dies and his brother James 2 becomes king
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The parliament invites William of Orange to invade england and access the throne
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the bill of rights
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act of settlement
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act of union between Britain and Scotland