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Martin Luther, a german monk and profesor of theology opposed the ideas of the Roman Catholic Church. Specifically regarding salvation and the sale of indulgences. He wrote the 95 theses, a text explaining his point of view regarding christianism and criticising the ways of the Church.
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First Bible in english, translated by William Tyndale. This change finally allows the laics to read scripture, which was previously reserved to priests due to the fact that, previously, the Bible was entirely written in Latin. -
Henry the VIII wanted to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, to marry Anne Boleyn. However, the Pope refused. The King decided to do it anyways and the pope, saying that Anne Boleyn was not the King's wife, excommunicated him, officially "banning" him from the Catholic Church
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Henry the VIII wanted to divorce his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, to marry Anne Boleyn. However, the Pope refused and Henry decided to separate England from the Roman Catholic Church. He created the Church of England and made himself "Supreme Head of the Church of England".
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Following the schism between England and the Roman Catholic Church, Henry the 8 decided to disband monasteries as he considered them to be "bastions of popery". Following that, many people rose up against that decision and the protestaantism of the King, wishing to go back to Catholicism, they fought for 6 month smostly in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire
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The young boy becomes king and follows into his father's footsteps, he continues to enforce protestant values in England. However he had a short reign as he died of tuberculosis at the age of 15.
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Published under the reign of Edward VI. This book eradicated many catholic practices and imagery such as statues and stained glass. It also implemanted many protestants ideas: The clergy can now get married and masses must be done in English. -
The first queen of England will spend her short reign trying to destroy the changes done by her father and half-brother as well as restoring Catholicism and killing protestants by burning them at the stakes. Earning her the nickname "Bloody Mary"
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Daughter of King Henry 8 and his second wife, Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth has to face many issues when she gets to the throne mostly regarding the religious tensions in the country, as well as the fact that many people question her legitimacy as Queen of England. However her reign is now recognized as a "golden era" for England.
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Queen Elizabeth tries to pacify the country that is torn apart by religious issues, She creates the Elizabethan settlement, a middle way making compromises by including certain aspects of protestantism and catholicism in the Anglican Church.
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Elizabeth's cousin, Mary Stuart was a threat to the Queen's power. Many people believed that she was the righteous heiress to the throne and that shee should be crowned Queen of england and she was Catholic. Many Catholic plots against Elizabeth aspired to kill her and put Mary on the throne instead. In 1586, Proof of Mary's involvement in the "Babington plot" was discovered and she was beheaded.
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Many frictions led to a war between England and Spain and in 1588 the two countries fought at sea. Thanks to England's new fleet of 800 boats, battle strategy and recruiting efforts (as well as the weather). England was Victorious. This reinforced Elizabeth's title as Queen and her qualities as ruler of England. -
Nephew of Elizabeth I and Son of Mary Stuart. Although he was a Calvinist and a protestant, he followed the Elizabethan settlement disapointting both puritans who wanted him to go towards protestantism and catholics who hoped he would have the same faith as his mother and that he would go back to catholicism. He was a very lavish king with excentric tastes and that would send England spiralling down in civil wars due to his problematic relationship to parliament and financial issues.
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period of stravation and many settlers died but teh discovery of a new kind of tobacco saved Jamestown
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Contract created by Parliament to put in place a fixed sum fro the king to receive because he was raising taxxes without the consent of Parliament
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King James' daughter was married off to the Elector of Palatine, who was promised the throne of ¨Protestant Bohemia in place of Emperor Ferdinand Habsburg this led to a war between Catholic Spain (supporting the emperor) and France, Scandinavia and the Dutch republic (on the elector's side). King James wanted to participate in the war to help his son-in-lawn and because England was a powerful Protestant country. But he needed money that parliament gave him in 1624, a year before his death.
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Son of King James. Charles was a king who favoured the Arminians, a minority of protestants who wished to restore certain Catholic practices. Charles viewed any criticism as an insult and a challenge to his power. His personality and many issues with Parliament brought forth a complicated era for England.
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petition created by the Parliament to force the king to recognize that many of the things he was doing were illegal (extraparliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial...)
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During these 11 years, King Charles did not call on Parliament because it disageed with him and wanted to impeach Lord Buckingham, The King's advisor.
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Scotland and England did not have the same belief regarding religion or their practices and scottish people did not enjoy the introduction of the book of cpmmon prayer in their country, Even starting riots and throwing chairs at bishops.
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After king James 1 had implemented a plantation policy, Irish Catholic rose up against protestant settlers
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documented voted by parliament which summarized the wrongdoings of Charles 1 and made demands such as the right for parliament to control the army sent to Ireland
This created two sides : The parliamentalists and the royalists -
war between the royalists and the parliamentarians
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