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Jerusalem is settled during the early Bronze Age when King David conquered Jerusalem. https://www.edu.gov.mb.ca/k12/docs/support/world_religions/judaism/origins.pdf
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Muhammad is given his messages through the angle Gabriel told of the true religion. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/teach/muslims/timeline.html#:~:text=The%20start%20of%20Islam%20is,Islam%20throughout%20the%20Arabian%20peninsula.
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Christianity is a new religion beginning to spread through the Middle East specifically Jerusalem. https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/world-history/ancient-medieval/christianity/a/roman-culture#:~:text=Christianity%20developed%20in%20Judea%20in,promised%20personal%20salvation%20after%20death.
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The beginning of a really good era of change and everything beginning to evolve. Medicine and culture being to be learned and taught while architecture expands to an extreme while many people from different cultures learn about each other. Tolerance is a big topic that later leads to this fall. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/the-islamic-golden-age/#:~:text=The%20Islamic%20Golden%20Age%20started,translating%20them%20into%20various%20languages.
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The Umayyad Caliphate was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. This was the beginning of the second largest spread of Muslim Rule and how the religion affects generations and how beautiful it comes to be. https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-umayyad-caliphate-661-750-ce I think this website and the article is interesting
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In 711 Al-Andalus begins to lead individuals into a tolerant society creating kinship between his people. Through time people will not accept his actions and later begin a multiple century long fight for the "true" religion. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Al_Andalus_The_Art_of_Islamic_Spain#:~:text=From%20711%20to%201492%20al,as%20well%20as%20Christian%20lands.
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Visigothic Spain is important to state and relevant to mention due to their effects on community and tradition that affected generations to come. The fall could also be a foreshadow to relevance and how history influences and repeats itself https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-visigoths-in-spain-rome.html
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El Cid is a remembered and honored warrior through the Islamic Golden Era that represented tolerance and intelligence to its fullest extent. El Cid will be remembered forever through his honorability, tolerance and suspending judgement. https://www.heritage-history.com/index.php?c=resources&s=char-dir&f=cid
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King Alfonso VI captures Toledo creating the dominos effect of taking over more and more land and converting and kicking out innocent people who aren't of Christian faith. Through this many conversions and fear in families begin to occur. The Moors now have to create a strong defense from the Christians. https://history-maps.com/story/Reconquista/event/King-Alfonso-VI-of-Leon-and-Castile-captures-Toledo
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In 1094 the warrior that is highly recognized takes over Valencia while being of christian faith but defending others who are of Muslim reign. This represents tolerance and the effects of Islamic Spain. https://stmuscholars.org/el-cid-campeador-and-the-conquest-of-valencia/
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Crusader armies set out to defeat Muslims in the Holy Land and in Iberia as well as pagans in northeastern Europe. Through the crusades more and more people are converting and Christianity is spreading like wildfire. https://yalebooks.yale.edu/book/9780300164756/the-second-crusade/
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After fighting and fighting against the Christians and defending their territories they win over Alarcos. The reign of the Islamic community was constantly diminishing creating the fall more prominent and expected to occur. Through this win the Islamic community felt a sense of victory. https://www.spanish-fiestas.com/history/moorish-spain/
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A treaty and settlement is done between 2 rulers to establish the tolerance of religions and what rules and boundaries are in the land of Murcia.
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85 heretics were sentenced yet none were executed. Many people were perscuted in Italy throughout this time, killed, hanged, and burned.
(https://www.pennpress.org/9780812245738/the-roman-inquisition-on-the-stage-of-italy-c-1590-1640/) -
"It was during his first exile in Avignon that Eymeric finished his influential inquisitors’ manual Directorium inquisitorum (Guide to Inquisitors, 1376), which would become the definitive handbook on inquisitorial procedure for centuries to come and provide the judicial underpinning for all the early modern Inquisitions"
(https://www.academia.edu/44340950/The_inquisitors_demons_Nicolau_Eymerics_Directorium_inquisitorum) -
In 1478, Pope Sixtus IV issued a decree that allowed the Catholic Monarchs (at that time Ferdinand and Isabella) to "root out heresy". It was in many ways ethnic cleansing for the people who werent of the Catholic Church.
https://ed.ted.com/lessons/ugly-history-the-spanish-inquisition-kayla-wolf -
The first publically recorded 'Auto De Fe' where people's faith was tested, and if they failed they were persecuted. 12 conversos (people who went from being Jewish to being Catholic) were burned alive for allegedly still practicing Judaism. It was public persecution that helped strengthen The Spanish Inquisition, also instilling fear amongts the public, further enforcing Catholiscm.
https://jewinthepew.org/2015/02/12/12-february-auto-da-fe-in-seville1481-and-toledo-1486-onthisday-otdimjh/ -
This treaty was signed by the sultan of Granada and Ferdinand and Isabella. It put an end to the Granada war which had gone on for 9 years. The treaty is what in many ways lead to the fall of the Muslim empire, gave the sovereignty of Muslim Spain to Catholic Spain. The treaty is what guranteed the Moors religious tolerance, and what lead to a period of overall a tolerant society.
https://dbpedia.org/page/Treaty_of_Granada_(1491) -
A decree made by Ferdinand and Isabella that issued the expulsion of all Jews from their kingdoms. This is what turned them from a tolerant society to a hostile society, that resulted in a huge wave of religious persecution. Spanish Jews were forced to either convert, have to flee their home, or be killed for practicing their faith.
https://mjhnyc.org/blog/1492-letter-regarding-jewish-property-in-spain/#:~:text=In%201492%2C%20King%20Ferdinand%20and,their%20thousand%2Dyear%20homeland%20behind. -
Priest and Scholar Martin Luther nailed a piece of paper to the door of Castle Church in Germany. The paper contained the "revolutionary" 95 thesises that would begin the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther spoke about corruption within the Roman Catholic Church and its use of religion to exploit the public.
https://www.loc.gov/rr/european/luther.html#:~:text=On%20October%2031%2C%201517%2C%20Martin,the%20church%20at%20Wittenberg%2C%20Germany.