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Publication of the "Ninety-Five These" written by Marthin Luther, origins of the Reformation. -
Pubication of the first translated Bible in vernicular English, the Tyndale Bible, translated by William Tyndale. -
It gave the King, (at that time Henry VIII), the legal power to annul marriages. -
It made Anne Boleyn, second wife of Henry VIII, a legimate Queen. -
King Henry VIII was made "Supreme Head of the Church of England". It end Catholism as the religion of the Kingdom and marked the beginning of Anglicanism. -
Rebellions against the instauration of Anglicanism and the dissolution of the monasteries. They also wants the reinstallation of Catholism and Mary Tudor as heir of the throne. -
After the death of Henry VIII, his heir and son, Edward VI, became King at the age of 9. -
Under his reign, Edward VI continued what his father started and he published the "Book of Common Prayer". -
After the death of King Edward VI, it is his half-sister, Mary Tudor that became Queen. She restored Catholicism and erased Prostetantism in 18 months. -
Under the reign of Queen Mary I, 200 protestants were burned as heretics, which will give her the name of "Bloody Mary".
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After the death of Mary I, it is her half-sister, Elizabeth that became Queen. -
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It abolished the authority of the Pope, restored the authority of the Queen over the Church, and she became "Supreme Governor of the Church of England" -
Every parish had to used the Book of Common Prayer and people who didn't attend an Anglican service were fined -
It stated the doctrine of the Church and 3 important changes: a new definotion of the sacrements, a new conception of the Church and a new doctrine of Salvation.
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It was a rebellion led by the Earls of Westmorland and Northermberland, as an attempt to replace Elizabeth by her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots, a catholic. -
Elizabeth I was excommunated by the Pope Pius V and was considered as an heretic. -
Planned to kill Elizabeth and put her Catholic cousin Mary Queen of Scots on the throne. But the plot was discovered by Francis Walsingham, and he interceptered a letter between Mary and the plotters. -
Mary Stuart was accused of complicity and treason. She was sentenced to death and executed in 1587, while wearing a red dress, colour of martyr in Catholicism. -
Philip II of Spain, a catholic, supported several plots against Elizabeth. She decided to support the cause of protestantism, by supporting the Dutch revolt against Spain. For that, Spain tried to invade England, with its Invincible Armada. Unfortunatly, Spain was defeated with a fleet of 800 new modern sheeps. England was victorious. -
In 1603, Elizabeth I died and her heir, son of her cousin Mary Stuart, became King James I of England and VI of Scotland. -
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It was a conspiracy made by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parlament and kill the King. -
It was a financial reform proposed by James I that fixed a sum that the King would receive. But some MPs feared that with the King being financially independent, he would not summoned parliaments. So the House of Commons did not vote in favor of the reform. The King decided to dismissed the Parliament.
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James summoned a Parliament to ask money for funding his campaign for the Thirty years' war. But while the King wanted to have a direct military attack, MPs wanted to attack by the sea. Seeing that they were discussing foreign policy, which was not their topic to discuss, James, furious, dissolved Parliament. -
James I died and his son and heir Charles became King. -
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Declared that who ever tried to bring in Poperty or Arminianism or any form alteration to the Church of England, was an enemy of the Kingdom. Including anyone that advise the King to collect custom duties without Parliament's consent. Charles did nit like that as it seems to be an act of open defiance. He imprissoned those Mps, dissolved Parliament and declared thatthere would be no more parliaments
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Eleven years where the King did not called a parliament and ruled by himself. This period is also called the 11 years of tyranny.
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Imposition of a new prayer book in Scotland. This started riots across the country, that will turn in a rebellion.
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It was a petition signed by Scottish that were against Charles religious policy, and wanted the independence of the Scottish Church to be maintained
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In need of money to fight the Scots, Charles called for the first time in 11 years, a Parliament. But it was quickly dissolved after 3 weeks, as the MPs demanded their grievances first. Its the short parliament.
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The Scots invaded England and were victorious. Charles was forced to pay the cost of the Scots army.
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Charles had to call again the Parliement but this one lasted until 1660.
The 1640 Parliament was determined to remedy 11 years of
grievances and wanted to ensure regular parliaments.
They passed two acts ensuring that:
• Parliament should meet at least every 3 years
• The dissolution of Parliament required its consent -
Irish Catholic rebels rose up against Protestant
settlers, that were sent by James I to colonized and take the lands of Irish Caholics -
The Parliament voted for the Militia Act whiwh mean that the army should be placed
under the control of a general appointed by Parliament -
Document voted by Parliament that summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I.
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Charles formally declared war on Parliament.
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A new army created by the Parliament. They were a national centralized army.
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The King and the rpyalists surrended
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After being disbanded without being paid the New model army seize the King.
The King escaped and allied himself with the Scots, which led to the second civil war, but it was easily defeated by Cromwell and only lasted 9 months -
Colonel Pride entered the House of Commons, arrested 45 conservative leader MPs, while the remainig MPs put the King on trial for high treason -
Monarchy and House of Lords are abolished, England was declared a Commonwealth
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King Charles I was executed -
Royalists revolts in Ireland repressed by Cromwell
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Charles II was proclamed King of Scotland. He raisedan army to invade England but was quickly defeated by Cromwell.
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It was the period between the execution of Charles I and the reign of his son Cherles II
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Cromwell died. His son became Lord Protector but after 6 monts he resigned, letting the country without a leader, which led to anarchy.
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Charles II issued the declaration of Breda, which promised a general amnesty, a religious toleration and the sharing of power with Parliament. It led to the restauration of monarchy
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It was rumoured, that the French wanted to kill Charles and put his catholic brother James on the throne
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The Parliement tried to remove James from the line of succession. Charles decided to dissolved the Parliament.
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With the fear of having Catholicism back, Parliament invited William of Orange, the son-in-law of James and a protestant, to invade England and take the throne. He came with an army but was met with no resistance. William of Orange became King William III. -
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Fixed limitations on the sovereign’s powers
-The King could not raise tax without Parliament’s consent
-No Catholic was to inherit the throne
-Set out the rights of Parliament
-Lists King James’ misdeeds
-Regular parliaments
-Free elections
-Freedom of speech in Parliament
-Set out basic civil rights
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It established religious pluralism, and freedom of worship for all Protestants
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In a century the population grow from 5 to 9 million people.
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William and his wife Mary did not had any children and the only Stuart left were Catholics.
This act settled the order of succession and ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs
Successor. -
William III died and his heir Anne became the last Stuart monarch. -
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Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
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Period where the Hanoverian Kings, George I, George II, George III, George IV, and William IV, reigned
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It was led by "Old Pretender" James Francis Edward Stuart.
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Robert Walpole, a Whig, became Britain's first Prime Minister.
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It was led by "Young Pretender" Bonnie Prince Charlie
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Final defeat of Jacobites at Culloden.
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American Revolutionary War against British taxation
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Whigs dominated British politics, facing challenges from the 1760s onward
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Tories, who had supported the Stuarts, gained positions after being excluded for years.
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French Revolution outbreak, influencing British radicals.
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Irish Rebellion against British rule influenced by American and French revolutions.
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It was the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
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It merged the Parliament of Ireland into the UK Parliament
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Culminating in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815.
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It granted the right to vote to 5% of the population, addressing demands for a more representative system.