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1517
The Ninety-Five Theses
Publication of the "Ninety-Five These" written by Marthin Luther, origins of the Reformation. -
1526
The Tyndale Bible
Pubication of the first translated Bible in vernicular English, the Tyndale Bible, translated by William Tyndale. -
1533
Act in Restrain of Appeals
It gave the King, (at that time Henry VIII), the legal power to annul marriages. -
1534
Act of succession
It made Anne Boleyn, second wife of Henry VIII, a legimate Queen. -
1534
Act of Supremacy
King Henry VIII was made "Supreme Head of the Church of England". It end Catholism as the religion of the Kingdom and marked the beginning of Anglicanism. -
1536
Pilgrimage of Grace
Rebellions against the instauration of Anglicanism and the dissolution of the monasteries. They also wants the reinstallation of Catholism and Mary Tudor as heir of the throne. -
1547
The Young King
After the death of Henry VIII, his heir and son, Edward VI, became King at the age of 9. -
1549
Book of Common Prayer
Under his reign, Edward VI continued what his father started and he published the "Book of Common Prayer". -
1553
The First Queen of England and the restauration of Catholism.
After the death of King Edward VI, it is his half-sister, Mary Tudor that became Queen. She restored Catholicism and erased Prostetantism in 18 months. -
Period: 1555 to 1558
Bloody Mary
Under the reign of Queen Mary I, 200 protestants were burned as heretics, which will give her the name of "Bloody Mary". -
1558
The Virgin Queen.
After the death of Mary I, it is her half-sister, Elizabeth that became Queen. -
Period: 1558 to
Reign of Elizabeth I
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1559
Act of Supremacy
It abolished the authority of the Pope, restored the authority of the Queen over the Church, and she became "Supreme Governor of the Church of England" -
1559
The Act of Uniformity
Every parish had to used the Book of Common Prayer and people who didn't attend an Anglican service were fined -
Period: 1563 to 1571
The 39 articles of faith
It stated the doctrine of the Church and 3 important changes: a new definotion of the sacrements, a new conception of the Church and a new doctrine of Salvation. -
1569
The Northern Rebellion
It was a rebellion led by the Earls of Westmorland and Northermberland, as an attempt to replace Elizabeth by her cousin, Mary Queen of Scots, a catholic. -
1570
Elizabeth I an heretic
Elizabeth I was excommunated by the Pope Pius V and was considered as an heretic. -
Babington Plot
Planned to kill Elizabeth and put her Catholic cousin Mary Queen of Scots on the throne. But the plot was discovered by Francis Walsingham, and he interceptered a letter between Mary and the plotters. -
The executin of Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Stuart was accused of complicity and treason. She was sentenced to death and executed in 1587, while wearing a red dress, colour of martyr in Catholicism. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada
Philip II of Spain, a catholic, supported several plots against Elizabeth. She decided to support the cause of protestantism, by supporting the Dutch revolt against Spain. For that, Spain tried to invade England, with its Invincible Armada. Unfortunatly, Spain was defeated with a fleet of 800 new modern sheeps. England was victorious. -
King James I of England and VI of Scotland.
In 1603, Elizabeth I died and her heir, son of her cousin Mary Stuart, became King James I of England and VI of Scotland. -
Period: to
Reign of James I and VI
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The Gunpowder plot
It was a conspiracy made by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parlament and kill the King. -
The Great Contract
It was a financial reform proposed by James I that fixed a sum that the King would receive. But some MPs feared that with the King being financially independent, he would not summoned parliaments. So the House of Commons did not vote in favor of the reform. The King decided to dismissed the Parliament. -
Thirty years' war
James summoned a Parliament to ask money for funding his campaign for the Thirty years' war. But while the King wanted to have a direct military attack, MPs wanted to attack by the sea. Seeing that they were discussing foreign policy, which was not their topic to discuss, James, furious, dissolved Parliament. -
King Charles I
James I died and his son and heir Charles became King. -
Period: to
Reign of Charles I
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The Three Resolutions
Declared that who ever tried to bring in Poperty or Arminianism or any form alteration to the Church of England, was an enemy of the Kingdom. Including anyone that advise the King to collect custom duties without Parliament's consent. Charles did nit like that as it seems to be an act of open defiance. He imprissoned those Mps, dissolved Parliament and declared thatthere would be no more parliaments -
Period: to
The Personal Rule
Eleven years where the King did not called a parliament and ruled by himself. This period is also called the 11 years of tyranny. -
New Prayer book
Imposition of a new prayer book in Scotland. This started riots across the country, that will turn in a rebellion. -
Scottish National Covenant
It was a petition signed by Scottish that were against Charles religious policy, and wanted the independence of the Scottish Church to be maintained -
The Bishops wars (Short parliament)
In need of money to fight the Scots, Charles called for the first time in 11 years, a Parliament. But it was quickly dissolved after 3 weeks, as the MPs demanded their grievances first. Its the short parliament. -
Treaty of Ripon
The Scots invaded England and were victorious. Charles was forced to pay the cost of the Scots army. -
Period: to
The long Parliament
Charles had to call again the Parliement but this one lasted until 1660.
The 1640 Parliament was determined to remedy 11 years of
grievances and wanted to ensure regular parliaments.
They passed two acts ensuring that:
• Parliament should meet at least every 3 years
• The dissolution of Parliament required its consent -
The Irish Rebellion
Irish Catholic rebels rose up against Protestant
settlers, that were sent by James I to colonized and take the lands of Irish Caholics -
Militia Act
The Parliament voted for the Militia Act whiwh mean that the army should be placed
under the control of a general appointed by Parliament -
The Grand Remonstrance of 1641
Document voted by Parliament that summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I. -
Civil War
Charles formally declared war on Parliament. -
The New Model Army
A new army created by the Parliament. They were a national centralized army. -
Surrending
The King and the rpyalists surrended -
The Second Civil War
After being disbanded without being paid the New model army seize the King.
The King escaped and allied himself with the Scots, which led to the second civil war, but it was easily defeated by Cromwell and only lasted 9 months -
Pride's purge
Colonel Pride entered the House of Commons, arrested 45 conservative leader MPs, while the remainig MPs put the King on trial for high treason -
Commonwealth
Monarchy and House of Lords are abolished, England was declared a Commonwealth -
A Regicide
King Charles I was executed -
Revolts in Ireland
Royalists revolts in Ireland repressed by Cromwell -
Scottish rebellion
Charles II was proclamed King of Scotland. He raisedan army to invade England but was quickly defeated by Cromwell. -
Period: to
The Interregnum
It was the period between the execution of Charles I and the reign of his son Cherles II -
Period: to
The Commonwealth
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Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
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Anarchy
Cromwell died. His son became Lord Protector but after 6 monts he resigned, letting the country without a leader, which led to anarchy. -
The Restauration
Charles II issued the declaration of Breda, which promised a general amnesty, a religious toleration and the sharing of power with Parliament. It led to the restauration of monarchy -
Period: to
Reign of Charles II
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Outbreak of the Plague.
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The Great fire of London
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The Popish plot
It was rumoured, that the French wanted to kill Charles and put his catholic brother James on the throne -
Period: to
The Exclusion crisis
The Parliement tried to remove James from the line of succession. Charles decided to dissolved the Parliament. -
Period: to
Reign of James II
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The Glorious Revolution
With the fear of having Catholicism back, Parliament invited William of Orange, the son-in-law of James and a protestant, to invade England and take the throne. He came with an army but was met with no resistance. William of Orange became King William III. -
Period: to
Reign of William III
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The Bill of Rights
Fixed limitations on the sovereign’s powers
-The King could not raise tax without Parliament’s consent
-No Catholic was to inherit the throne
-Set out the rights of Parliament
-Lists King James’ misdeeds
-Regular parliaments
-Free elections
-Freedom of speech in Parliament
-Set out basic civil rights
Ex: Freedom from cruel and excessive punishment, freedom to bear arms -
Toleration Act
It established religious pluralism, and freedom of worship for all Protestants -
Period: to
The growth of the population
In a century the population grow from 5 to 9 million people. -
The Act of Settlement
William and his wife Mary did not had any children and the only Stuart left were Catholics.
This act settled the order of succession and ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs
Successor. -
The last Stuart
William III died and his heir Anne became the last Stuart monarch. -
Period: to
Reign of Queen Anne
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Act of Union between England and Scotland
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain -
Period: to
Georgian era
Period where the Hanoverian Kings, George I, George II, George III, George IV, and William IV, reigned -
Jacobite Rising
It was led by "Old Pretender" James Francis Edward Stuart. -
A Whig as a Prime Minister
Robert Walpole, a Whig, became Britain's first Prime Minister. -
Second Jacobite Rising
It was led by "Young Pretender" Bonnie Prince Charlie -
Defeat of Jacobites
Final defeat of Jacobites at Culloden. -
Period: to
American revolution
American Revolutionary War against British taxation -
Whigs political domination
Whigs dominated British politics, facing challenges from the 1760s onward -
A new political party gained positions
Tories, who had supported the Stuarts, gained positions after being excluded for years. -
French revolution
French Revolution outbreak, influencing British radicals. -
Period: to
French Revolutionary Wars with Britain.
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Irish rebellion
Irish Rebellion against British rule influenced by American and French revolutions. -
Acts of Union
It was the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. -
Acts of Union
It merged the Parliament of Ireland into the UK Parliament -
Period: to
Napoleonic wars
Culminating in the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. -
Reform Act
It granted the right to vote to 5% of the population, addressing demands for a more representative system.