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The caliph of the Islamic Empire, Uthman, was murdered and Ali succeeded him. Ali had and extreme idea of Islam, he led his army to fight through Egypt and North Africa.
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The first Muslim civil war happened, conflicts occurred between the Sunnis and the Shias.
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Ali was also murdered, but his army continued to fight.
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Muʿāwiyah became the first caliph of the Umayyads.
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The capital of the Umayyad dynasty became Damascus.
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The Islamic empire was ruled by the Umayyads, and the empire expanded. During the expansion, some berbers near Sahara joined the Islam army.
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Rome stopped the Islamic army from attacking Constatinople. The expansion of the Umayyads eventually stopped in some places.
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The caliph Abd al-Malik solved the problem of people in the empire speaking different languages by using the official language Arabic.
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Abd al-Malik constructed the Dome of the Rock, it was completed in 691 CE. It was very important to Islam.
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Coins in the empire were standardized by weight and appearance and had quotes from the Qur'an to spread Islam and Arabic.
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The army crossed the Straits of Gibraltar and attacked Spain, they also conquered the Iberian Peninsula.
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rome stopped the Muslims from attacking them again.
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During the Battle of Tours, the leader of the Franks, Charles Martel, stopped the Islamic attacks in France.
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The Islamic army defeated the Chinese Tang Dynasty.
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The Islamic empire became too big to govern. The Abbasids killed all the people in the Umayyad dynasty except Abd al-Rahman, he escaped to Al-Andalus, where it was safe from the Abbasid caliphate. The Umayyad dynasty continued to rule Iberia until 11th century.
