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Uthman was assassinated and succeeded by Ali
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There was a Muslim civil war which caused Islam to break into two groups, the Sunni and Shia.
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Ali was assassinated
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Muʿāwiyah established himslef the first caliph of Umayyad
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Ali was killed so the capital moved to Damascus
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Umayyads ruled Muslim Empire
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Romans stopped Islamic attacks against Constantinople in the West
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assassination of Hussein at Karbala
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Abd al-Malik (caliph in 685) solved language problem by declaring Arabic official language across Empire
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completion of the Dome of the Rock
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coins used across the empire rstandardized by weight and appearance
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Berbers who converted to Islam moved with the Muslims conquered the Iberian Peninsula
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Army continued to the Straits of Gibralter to attack Spain
Army crossed the Straits of Gibralter to attack Spain in 711 and finished in 718 -
At the battle of Tours Charles Mortel turned back a number of Islamic raids
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Abbasid faction overthrows Umayyads
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Arab defeat of Chinese army introduces paper to the west
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Cordoba established as Abd al Rahman’s capital
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Baghdad becomes the Abbasid capital
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construction began on the Great Mosque of Cordoba
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reign of Al-Ma’mun, founder of the House of Wisdom
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reign of Abd al-Rahman II
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death of Al Khwarizmi
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Abd al-Rahman III takes the title of caliph
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Shahnameh (“Book Of Kings”) published
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Ibn Sina’s Canon of Medicine written
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end of the Umayyad dynasty
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Seljuq Turks gain control of Baghdad
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Crusades (represents the four major Crusades, not the less important earlier and later religious wars)
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A Thousand and One Nights first compiled
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life of Ibn Rushd, Averroes
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Saladin recaptures Jerusalem
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Death of Maimonides
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Mongols invade and destroy Baghdad, ending the Abbasid-Seljuq dynasty
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completion of the Alhambra Palace in Granada
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end of Muslim rule in Spain