The Umayyads And The Invasion Of Iberia By GBPacker03 Jan 1, 656 Uthman was assassinated and succeeded by Ali Jan 1, 656 Sunni/Shia division resulted in the first Muslim civil war 656-661 Jan 1, 661 Capital to Damascus Jan 1, 661 Ali was assassinated Jan 1, 661 Muʿāwiyah established himself as the first Umayyad caliph Jan 1, 661 Umayyads ruled Muslim Empire 661-750 Jan 1, 661 The Muslim Empire expanded. Armies advanced west into Africa. Berbers who lived along the northern coast of the Sahara converted to Islam. 661-750 Period: Jan 1, 661 to Jan 1, 750 Umayyad Dynasty Jan 1, 680 Assassination of Hussein at Karbala Jan 1, 685 Abd al-Malik was the caliph in 685 and solved language problems by declaring Arabic official language across the Empire. Jan 1, 691 Completion of the Dome of the Rock Jan 1, 696 Coins standardized by weight and appearance, used across empire Jan 1, 711 Together they moved across the Strait of Gibraltar and conquered the Iberian Peninsula Jan 1, 711 The Conquest of Spain took 7 years Jan 1, 711 From 661, the armies continued and then crossed the Straits of Gibraltar to attack Spain Jan 1, 717 In the West, the Romans stopped Islamic attacks againist Constantinople in 674-678 and again in 717 Jan 1, 732 Defeat at the Battle of Tours in France by Charles Martel Jan 1, 732 Charles Martel (leader of the Franks), grandfather of Charlemagne, turned back a series of Islamic raids into France at the Battle of Tours Jan 1, 750 Overthrown by Abbasid faction Jan 1, 750 Abbasid faction from Eastern Iran overthrows Umayyad dynasty Period: Jan 1, 750 to Jan 1, 1258 Abbasid-Seljuq Empire Period: Jan 1, 750 to Jan 1, 1492 Muslim Spain Jan 1, 751 Arab defeat of Chinese army introduces paper to the west Jan 1, 751 The Arabs won a great battle againist the Chinese, but border stayed about the same from then on Jan 1, 755 Cordoba established as Abd al Rahman´s capital Jan 1, 762 Baghdad becomes the Abbasid capital Jan 1, 785 Construction began on the Great Mosque of Cordoba Jan 1, 813 Reign of Al-Ma´mun, founder of the House of Wisdom 813-833 Jan 1, 822 Reign of Abd al-Rahman ll 822-852 Jan 1, 850 Death of Al Khwarizmi Jan 1, 929 Abd al-Rahman lll takes the title of caliph Jan 1, 1000 The Umayyad Dynasty would continue to rule Islamic Iberia until the 11th century Jan 1, 1000 Shahnameh ("Book Of Kings") published Jan 1, 1025 Ibn Sina´s Canon of Medicine written Jan 1, 1031 End of the Umayyad dynasty Jan 1, 1055 Seljuq Turks gain control of Baghdad Jan 1, 1096 Crusades (represents the four major Crusades, not the less important earlier and later religious wars) 1096-1204 Jan 1, 1126 Life of Ibn Rushd, Averroes 1126-1198 Jan 1, 1187 Saladin recaptures Jerusalem Jan 1, 1200 A Thousand and One Nights first compiled 12th Century Jan 1, 1204 Death of Maimonides Jan 1, 1258 Mongols invade and destroy Baghdad, ending the Abbasid-Seljuq dynasty Jan 1, 1400 Completion of the Alhambra Palace in Granada 14th Century Jan 1, 1492 End of Muslim rule in Spain