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Muhammad Mi sent his third son Ismail at the head of 10,000 men across the desert and, by 1821, all of north and central Sudan was his. For the first time, the Sudan- the name means "Land of Blacks" - began to take shape as a political entity.
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Salvation was to come from the desert. Muhammad Ahmad, the son of a Dongola boat-builder, was born in 1844.
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Sudan is under joint British-Egyptian rule.
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Sudan becomes independent.
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Sudanese Communist Party leaders Was executed after short-lived coup against Numeiry.
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Civil war breaks out again in the south involving government forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM), led by John Garang.
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Sudan begins to export oil.
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Government and SPLA sign landmark ceasefire agreement providing for six-month renewable ceasefire in central Nuba Mountains
