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Muhammad fell ill and died. Before his death, Muhammad allowed Abu Bakr to lead the prayers when he was absent. He became the new Muslim leader. His succession lead to rebellion which was the Ridda wars.
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After Ali died, Muawiya became one of the caliphs. He was a soldier and a king. Shortly afterwards, he had plans to invade Mecca but was unsuccessful when the Iraqis did not appear.
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An oppressed chief sent a plea for help to the governor of North Africa against the Spain ruler. In response they sent 7000 soldiers. The Visgoth army was defeated fairly easily by the Muslim army.
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In this battle Charles Martel defeated a large amount of the Moors.This prevents anymore advances. This affected Islam in a negative way.
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He was one of the most important figures as caliph. He also served aver long term. He was a big influence. Abu l'Abbas lead a rebellion on Persia. This reabellion caused the downfall of Umayyad. Umayyad was a clan that was against Islam. So this helped with the rise of it.
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Sejuk Turks moved into the Middle East area.
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Seljuks took control of the empire of Abbasid Caliphate.
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Jerusalem led the Pope to call the First Crusade.
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At Lake Tiberias,Saladin defeats the Crusaders armies. He regains Jerusalem and most of the Crusaders.
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He led the Mongols across Mesopotamia to Central Asia.
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Chief Hulegu, a Mongol,burnt and killed a great majority of the population and assassinated the last caliph.
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A different leader lead his Mongal amry into battle against the Middle East
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The last stronghold is seized.Granada surrendered to Christian forces
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Suleiman "the Magnificent" became ruler.
