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Official end of Roman Empire and beginning of Middle Ages
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Established by Benedict in Monte Cassino, Italy. (It was not the first monastary.)
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Between 634-44, Muslim armies conquered Christian Syria, Palestine, and Egypt
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711-16
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William the Conqueror (Duke of Normandy) invaded and conquered England and King Harold was killed. He became King and ruled until 1087, when he died (at the age of 50) fighting. His horse fell on him and crushed him.
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Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantine forces
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Crusaders took the city of Jerusalem, but many died.
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Usually considered to have been a complete failure.
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The Crusaders recaptured Acre. Richard also captured the island of Cyprus that year. It proved a valuable base for Crusader operations in the future.
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Saladin had been the ruler of Egypt since 1169. He was constantly harrassing Richard's armies, and had engaged in several battles with him. Saladin recognized Richard's superiority. Their armies were exhausted, and they were both eager for a truce. They agreed that Richard would give the city of Ascalon to Saladin; Saladin would respect the Christian territories along the coast from Tyre to Jaffa, and allow Christian pilgrims safe passage throughout Palestine. Sadly, this truce only lasted 3yrs.
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Saladin died, and much of the unity of the Muslims died with him.
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King Richard the Lion-Hearted succeeded in gaining some rights for Christians from Saladin (the ruler of the Turks at the time.)
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These Crusaders never reached the Holy Land. They stopped in Constantinople and wreaked havoc throughout the city.They did a lot of damage and broke many of their vows. The Pope excommunicated the whole expedition.
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The lords and nobles of England forced King John to sign this document that guaranteed certain rights.
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The Byzantine Empire regains its capital, Constantinople. Byzantium lasts about another 200 years before the Muslims conquer Constantinople and destroy the Byzantine Empire.
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The Crusaders lost the city of Acre to the Muslims.
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The Muslim Turks conquered Constantinople and the Byzantine Empire finally came to an end.
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Luther published his famous book, The Ninety-five Theses, which began his movement to break away from the Church.
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The Ottaman Turks besiege Vienna. However, they fail to capture it.
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A Holy League of the Papacy, Spain,Venice, Genoa, Savoy and the Knights Hospitaller defeated the Muslim Ottoman Turks in a naval battle near Corinth off Western Greece. Almost 40,000 Christian slaves were freed (from the Ottoman galleys,) and the Mediterranean was safe from Muslim pirates and raiders for a long time after.
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