Effects of The First Crusade

Introduction

Jan 1, 1095

The Crusades were a battle between the Christians, the Jews, and the Muslims. They were fighting for the Holy Land, Jerusalem. Cities were raided and destroyed. As well as, many knights, soldiers, and peasants dying during the process. The First Crusade began in 1095 and lasted until 1099. Image: http://vignette1.wikia.nocookie.net/crusades/images/6/60/FirstCrusade.JPG/revision/latest?cb=20080111213043

Emperor Alexius Comnenus I asks the Pope for help

Nov 1, 1095

1095: In 1095. the Turks took control over parts of the Asia Minor that the Byzantine Empire had. The city Constantinople was also under threat. Emperor Alexius Comnenus I, needed help to reconquer his land. He reached out to Pope Urban II in a letter, which lead to him calling a meeting to regain Jerusalem.
Image: http://ukrmap.su/program2009/wh7/04/27.jpg

Pope Urban II calls to recover Jerusalem

Nov 27, 1095

1095: Pope Urban II calls to recover Jerusalem. He was asked to fight with the Byzantine to get it. Pope Urban II spoke at The Council of Clermont with bishops of France. Many of the people there were in favor of gaining Jerusalem and sparked the peasants to join. This happened to be the start of the First Crusade. Image: http://www.traditioninaction.org/History/A_012_FirstCrusade_Urban.htm

Peter the Hermit Leads the Peasants' Crusade

Aug 15, 1096

1096: Peter the Hermit preached in Germany about retrieving the Holy Land. His speech inspired the raid in Jewish towns, which caused a major massacre of the Jewish people. This occurred when they were not able to reach Jerusalem. The people, who led this with Peter the Hermit, called this event the Peasants’ Crusade. Many of them died before the trained crusaders could arrive. Image: https://ericcostanzo.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/peter-the-hermit.jpg

Siege of Xerigordon

Sep 21, 1096

1096: In the event of the Siege of Xerigordon the Crusaders were taken by surprise by the Turks. The Crusaders were inside the fort, not acknowledging that their water supply was outside the walls.They were surrounded by the Turks outside and had surrendered. The Crusaders were given the option to convert to Islam or die. Those who converted were sold to slavery. Image: http://skepticism-images.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/jreviews/Peoples-Crusade-Massacre.jpg

The Siege in Nicaea

May 14, 1097

1097: The Siege of Nicaea was the first siege that had a large impact. Nicaea was ruled by Kilij Arslan of the Turks. The Byzantines and the Crusaders marched together to Nicaea, but the Byzantines were the ones successful in conquering. They had walked into a lake and had caught them off guard and allowed the people of Nicaea to surrender. Due to this event, the relation between The Crusaders and Byzantines had ended. Image: https://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/latemiddleages/arttour/06.shtml

Battle of Dorylaeum

Jul 1, 1097

1097: In the Battle of Dorylaeum, the Turks attacked the Crusaders first. The Crusaders did not back down. They were strong, and took control of the situation. Another leader of the Crusades, Godfrey of Bouillon, found the Turks in a small camp around Bohemond and attacked them. They had successfully raided the camp leaving with supplies and free passage across Anatolia.

Image: http://www.wikiart.org/en/gustave-dore/the-battle-of-dorylaeum

Siege of Antioch

Jun 3, 1098

Siege of Antioch was an eight-month siege between the Christians and Muslims. From the Muslims, Kerbogha was leading the army. From the Christians side, Godfrey of Bouillon, Raymond IV of Toulouse, and Bohemund of Taranto were leading three different armies. They defeated army, by army of the Muslims. After long months of battle, Kerbogha and his army rerouted.
Image: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/SiegeofAntioch.jpeg

Battle of the Orontes

Jun 28, 1098

1098: Days after the Siege of Antioch, the Battle of the Orontes began. Emir Kerboga of Mosul and Bohemund failed at the attempt to negotiate. When gathered the rest of the army, the Crusaders made Kerboga and his army flee the scene. The Crusaders had proved their point and we’re able to control Antioch peacefully for now.
Image: http://skepticism-images.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/images/jreviews/Tancred-Crusaders-Bethlehem.jpg

Capture of Jerusalem

Jul 22, 1099

1099: Raymond of Toulouse and Godfrey marched to Jerusalem and captured it. Raymond of Toulouse was offered the crown to Jerusalem but declined it. Instead, Godfrey of Bouillon took it and became the king of Jerusalem, but refuses the title and was called “Advocate of the Holy Sepulcher”. A few days later Pope Urban II dies, and was not able to hear the news about gaining Jerusalem.
Image: http://historymedren.about.com/od/gwho/p/Godfrey-of-Bouillon.htm

The Battle of Ascalon

Aug 12, 1099

Battle of Ascalon fought August 12, 1099. It was after Jerusalem was taken over by the Crusades. This was the last battle of the first crusades. The Crusaders successfully passed through the Egyptian army in Al-Afdal, and defeated them without losing many of their men. This made the Muslims power weak. Image:https://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/images/events/AscalonBattle.jpg

Citations (Part 1)

Jan 1, 1100

http://academic.eb.com.ezproxy.vccs.edu:2048/EBchecked/topic/144695/Crusades
http://history-world.org/crusades.htm
http://www.traditioninaction.org/History/A_012_FirstCrusade_Urban.htm
http://www.umich.edu/~eng415/timeline/summaries/First_Crusade.htm
http://www.cbn.com/spirituallife/ChurchAndMinistry/ChurchHistory/Crusades_PeoplesCrusade.aspx?option=print
http://skepticism.org/timeline/september-history/8403-siege-xerigordon-reinald-6000-germans-take-turkish-fort.html

Citations (Part 2)

Jan 2, 1100

http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_nicaea.html
http://www.crusadesandcrusaders.com/2013/02/24/nicaea-surrenders-to-alexius-i-comnenus/
http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/source/cde-nicea.asp
http://www.brighton73.freeserve.co.uk/firstcrusade/Events/Sieges/nicaea-siege.htm
http://www.themiddleages.net/people/alexius_comnenus.html
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/236832/Godfrey-of-Bouillon
http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_dorylaeum.html

Citations (Part 3)

Jan 3, 1100

http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-crusades-from-start-to-finish.html http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/battleswars10011200/p/ascalon.htm http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_ascalon.html http://militaryhistory.about.com/b/2007/06/03/first-crusade-siege-of-antioch.htm http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_orontes.html