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World War One Conscription Crisis
A political and military crisis in Canada during World War One. It occurred as a result of a disagreement if men should be forced through conscripted to fight in the war. This resulted in the rising of many issues between French Canadians and English Canadians and motivated countless military acts. -
Creation of the Union Nationale Party
A Quebec political party formed in 1935 by Maurice Duplessis after he united his Conservative party and the Action Liberale Nationale (ALN) to form his new Conservative party called the Union Nationale. The coalition's leaders were Maurice Duplessis of the Conservative Party and Paul Gouin of the ALN. -
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The Duplessis Era
Occurred when Maurice Duplessis was serving as the 16th Premier of the province of Quebec in Canada. Maurice rose to power after the creation of the Union Nationale. The Liberal party was unsuccessful in an attempt to challenge Duplessis' rule. He conquered rural areas, provincial rights, economic development. He also had strong investment in Catholic education and anti-Communism, and opposed the trade unions. -
World War Two Conscription Crisis
A mass political and military crisis that came as a result of the introduction of forced conscription into the military services throughout Canada during the second World War. Similar to the first conscription crisis however less politically damaging. -
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La Grande Noirceur (The Great Darkness)
Occurred when Maurice Duplessis was serving as the 16th Premier of the province of Quebec in Canada. Maurice rose to power after the creation of the Union Nationale. The Liberal party was unsuccessful in an attempt to challenge Duplessis' rule. He conquered rural areas, provincial rights, economic development. He also had strong investment in Catholic education and anti-Communism, and opposed the trade unions. -
Separatist Movement
Separatism, meaning the advocacy for separation or seen as a desire of freedom from colonial oppression. This movement began to resurface as a major political force in Quebec during the early 1960's while there was major change regarding socioeconomic and nationalist issues. This separatist movement had some drastic radical and violent movements including the use of the Front de Liberation du Quebec. The separatist movement gained 9% of the Quebec vote in the election. -
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Front de Liberation du Quebec
Was a paramilitary group in Quebec founded in the early 1960's. It was the most major part of the militant aspect of the Quebec Sovereignty Movement. This group conducted countless attacks between 1963 and 1970, with over 100 violent incidents killing and injuring countless people. These violent incidences include the bombing of the Montreal Stock Exchange, and most famously the October Crisis. -
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Quiet Revolution
A time of rapid change throughout Quebec in the 1960s. Occurred after the death of Maurice Duplessis ending the reign of La Grande Noirceur. Soon later Jean Lassage of the Quebec Liberal Party was elected, their slogan being "It's time for a change". A newly formed middle class fought for greater control over Québec's economic resources, bitter and divisive attempts were made to redefine the role of francophone society in Canada. -
Bi & Bi Commission (Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism):
The Royal Bi & Bi commision was instituted in 1963 to control the relations between French and English Canada, and change to later better accommodate Quebec's role in Canada. -
Introduction of Canadas New Flag
Canada developing a new flag was a long standing debate throughout Canada. Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson proposed new plans for a flag in the House of Commons. This bitter debate lasted over 6 months. The debate heavily dividing the individuals in all places of Canada but still was approved, introducing the long lasting maple leaf flag. -
Canadas "Colour Blind" Immigration Policy
Until 1947, Canadians were considered British subjects after world war two, immigration boom of mostly Europeans resulted in change. The government became more welcoming and lenient towards immigrants. The Canadian points system of 1967, set criteria for both skilled and unskilled labour entry into the country including the “third world” giving opportunities from non-European countries more equitable access for the first time. In 1967 colour blind immigration policy occurred. -
Trudeau Becomes Prime Minister
Pierre Trudeau is a Canadian statesman who served as the 15th Prime Minister of Canada (1968–1979 and 1980–1984), and was a major influence and an important member of the liberal party. -
Official Languages Act Passed
A Canadian law that came into force on September 9, 1969, gives French and English equal status in the government of Canada. -
The War Measures Act
The War Measures Act was used again during World War II. It was only introduced during peacetime, October 1970 when Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau used it to make searches and arrests during the FLQ crisis in an attempt to help Canada. Though rarely used the War Measures Act gives emergency powers to the government, while effective it is drastic. -
The FLQ Crisis (October Crisis)
The FLQ kidnapped Provincial Cabinet Minister Pierre Laporte and British diplomat James Cross. Pierre Trudeau then enforced the War Measures Act as a rebuttal in an attempt to defend Canada. The kidnappers murdered Laporte, and negotiations led to Cross's release and the kidnappers' were exiled to Cuba. -
Policy of Multiculturalism
The Policy of Multiculturalism was put in place to monitor the implementation of multiculturalism initiatives within departments of the federal government. The increase in visible minority immigrants and their concerns about employment, housing and education challenges the result of racial discrimination became a federal government concern. -
Bill 22, The Language Act
Bill 22, the Language Act, sponsored by the Québec Liberal government of, was introduced by Robert Bourassa. Was later passed by the legislature in July 1974. It made French the language of civic administration and services, and of the workplace. Only children who could demonstrate got knowledge of another language of instruction would be exempted from receiving their instruction in French. -
Parti Quebecois Wins Provincial Election on Quebec
One of the most significant elections in Quebec history, which caused major repercussions on the rest of Canada.however the election of a sovereignties government in Quebec caused great upset in the rest of Canada, and led to extensive discussions about reforming the Canadian Confederation and finding ways of accommodating Quebec. -
Bill 101 introduced by Parti Quebecois, Rene Levesque
Bill 101 was made to make french the leading language in Quebec. -
Bill 101 passed
Bill 101 was made to make french the leading language in Quebec. -
Referendum on Sovereignty Association
This replaces the word for independence this implied an idea of an association that would evolve from an argument under international law and be limited to the economic domain. -
Patriation of the Constitution
Canada's “patriated” is constitution, transferring the highest law, British North American Act to the authority of the British Parliament. The Constitution was also updated with a new formula and charter of rights. -
Constitution Act
The Constitutions Act protected the Charter of Rights and Freedom. Also completed the unfinished business of Canadian independence allowing Canadian to amend their own Constitution without requiring approval from Britain. -
Brian Mulroney becomes Prime Minister
Now Prime minister as well as leader of the Progressive Conservative Party. Introduced the landmark Free trade Agreement with the United States. Also acknowledged for his effect to persuade Quebec government to sign the Constitution. -
Reform Party Created
Reform Party was created and played a huge role in the creation of the Canadian alliance. Was created in spite of the Progressive Conservative Party and the eventual merge of those two groups into today's Conservative Party. -
Bloc Quebecois Formed
The Parti Québécois (PQ) is a nationalist political party formed in Québec in 1968 through the merger of the Mouvement souveraineté-association and the Ralliement national -
Meech Lake Accord
In 1987 the Progressive Conservative government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney attempted to win Québec's consent to the revised Canadian Constitution — following the Québec government's rejection of it in 1981. The result was the Meech Lake Accord, an agreement between the federal and provincial governments to amend the Constitution by strengthening provincial powers and declaring Québec a "distinct society. -
Department of Multiculturalism Formed
This act was created to protect cultural heritage of Canada, reduce discrimination and encourage the implementation of multicultural programs and activities within institutions and organizations. -
Meech Lake Accord
Was a series of proposed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 Canadian provincial premiers. It was intended to persuade the government of Quebec to symbolically endorse the 1982 constitutional amendments by providing for some decentralization of the Canadian federation.
1992 Charlottetown Accord -
Charlottetown Accord
The Charlottetown Accord of 1992 was a failed, joint attempt by the government of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and all 10 provincial premiers to amend the Canadian Constitution, specifically to obtain Quebec's consent to the Constitution Act of 1982 -
Parti Quebecois Returned to Power
On 12 June 1995, three political parties, Action démocratique du Québec, the Parti Québécois, and the Bloc Québécois signed an agreement by which they formed the “Yes” Committee and collaborated on formulating the question for a new referendum on Québec sovereignty. This referendum was held on 30 October 1995 -
Referendum on Sovereignty Association
The failure of the Meech Lake Accord and the Charlottetown Accord Left a lot of uncertainty about the constitutional future of Canada. The first sign was a big change in the political landscape of the House of Commons after the 1993 election. The Conservative Party was wiped out. The Liberals under won majority, the opposition was fractured along regional lines, between the western-based Reform Party of Canada and the separatist Bloc Québécois, which formed the Official Opposition. -
Clarity Bill and the Supreme Court Decision
Also known as Bill C-20, the bill known as the Clarity Act gives effect to the requirement for clarity set out by the Supreme Court of Canada in the Québec Secession Reference.
