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Pope Urban II offered Christians a guarenteed spot in Heaven and forgivness of all sins for those who joined his army in an effort to take back The Holy Land, Jerusalem.
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Armies of Christians respond to Pope Urban II's call for war against the Muslims.
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Banded armies of Crusaders and Byzantine allies marched to Jerusalem to defeat the Egyptian Fatimids (Shi'ite Muslims). This was not a pretty scence, for they killed many men, women, and children as they entered the city.
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The Selijuk (Muslim force) general captured Edessa, leading to the loss of the northernmost Crusader state. This success helped Muslim forces gain ground in their own holy war.
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After the fall of Edessa, western Christians call for another Crusade.
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Muslim forces take down many Christian armies with an army reaching up to 50,000. Muslim forces win the second Crusade.
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After the deat of Shirkuh, Saladin took a stand against the Crusaders of Jerusalem. He and his troops defeated the Christian army, taking the city of Jerusalem and a significant amount of territory.
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With the only battle of the third crusade being the battle of Arsuf, King Phillip II of France and King Richard I of England defeated the army of Saldin. They recaptured the city of Jaffa and reestablished Christian contol of the city. Later, a peace treaty was signed to reestablish the Kingdom of Jerusalem, but not the city itself, ending the Third Crusade.
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Pope Pnnocent III called for the fourth Crusade after power struggles with Europe and Byzantium.
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The Crusaders called war on Constantiople, with the fourth Crusade ending with the conquest of the Byzantine capital.
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The Crusaders attacked Egypt, but they were forced to surrender to Muslim defenders.
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Emperor Frederick II offered a peaceful of Jerusalem to be under control of the Crusaders through a negotiation with al-Kamil. This peace treaty expired 10 years later, and the Muslims were able to regain control of Jerusalem.
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Crusaders tried to fight back to the Muslims, but they were unsuccessful. After many more years of fighting, Muslims marched a huge army towards the Crusder Captial. The Muslims took down the capital, ending The Crusades.