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Pope Urban II calls for the First Crusades. The Christian army reclaim the Holy Land.
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Led by French king Louis VII and Germany king Conrad III, this crusade ended with disappointment as the Muslims recaptured most of their territories.
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Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I lead the Third Crusade. They managed to recapture many Muslim territories but failed to take over Jerusalem.
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Pope Innocent III declares the Fourth Crusade to capture Jerusalem. Yet again the Christain army failed to defeat the Muslims.
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Led by a French boy Stephen of Cloyes, tens of thousands of children from Western Europe marched to the Holy Land. This was a fatal disaster as none of them reached Jerusalem and many died of starvation or dehydration. Those who survived were taken to slavery by Muslims.
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There were five more crusades with the same goal to recapture the Holy Land. Again, the Christain army never able to gain the Holy Land, as the Muslims always defended the land. It finally ended with the Nineth Crusade in 1272.