The 4 Rightly Guided Caliphs

Birth of the first Caliph- Abu Bakr

573

Abu Bakr was born in October, 573. He was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Abu Bakr was born into a rich family in the Banu Taym clan of the Quraysh tribe. In his early childhood days he was like most other Arab children a Bedouin, he developed a loved for camels and goats. When he turned 10, he went to Syria alongside his father with the merchants caravan, Muhammad who was 12 at the time was also with the caravan.

Birth of the Third Caliph- Uthman Ibn Affan

576

Uthman Ibn Affan was born in 576 in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Uthman was born into the wealthy Umayyad clan of the Quraysh tribe of Mecca, seven years after Muhammad. Uthman's father was quite a rich business man but died young when he was traveling abroad but left quite a huge chunk of his money for Uthman. Uthman followed his dad's footsteps and became a business man which made him one of the wealthiest men in Quraysh.

Birth of the second caliph- Umar ibn Al-khattab

583

Umar Ibn Al-khattab was born in 583 in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. He was born to the Banu Adi clan, which was responsible for arbitration among the tribes. He belonged to a middle class family. His father was a hard worker and in a place where education wasn't very common. Umar got education and developed a love for poetry.

Birth of the fourth caliph- Ali Ibn Abi Talib

Sep 3, 601

Ali Ibn Abi Talib was born in September, 601 in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Ali's father was a custodian of the Kaaba and a sheikh of the Banu hashim which was an important branch of the Quraysh tribe. Ali was an uncle of Muhammad.

The Quran is completed

Jun 3, 632

The Quran was completed after approximately 23 years beginning on 22nd of December, 609 CE and concluding in 632.

The Death of Prophet Muhammad

Nov 23, 632

Prophet Muhammad passed away on the 23rd of November, 632 in his house in Medina due to an illness. After his death, there was no one to preach Islam in the community. In order for that to happen Abu Bakr became the first caliph.

Abu Bakr resolves problems with surrounding tribes

Jan 8, 633

As the news of the Prophet's death spread, a number of tribes rebelled and refused to pay Zakat and imposters started saying that the Prophethood had passed on to them. Abu Bakr insisted that the Divine Law cannot be divided, that there is no distinction between the obligations of Zakat and Salat. When the tribes revolted, Abu Bakr himself led the charge, forcing them to retreat. He made relentless war on the false claimants to prophethood, most of whom submitted and again professed lslam.

Victorious In Wars and Spread of Islam

Dec 3, 633

Abu Bakr sends a lot of his men to invade other areas and spread Islam there. He sent Khalid-al-waled to invade parts of the Persian empire and parts of eastern Europe in the year 633. He also spread Islam into present day Iraq, Palestine and Syria.

Death of the First Caliph- Abu Bakr

Aug 23, 634

On August 23rd, 634, Abu Bakr fell sick and passed away. He had been ill for sometime and everyday his condition would worsen. Abu Bakr appointed Umar as the next Caliph because of his tough nature.

Battle of Yarmouk comes to an end

Dec 3, 636

The battle of Yarmouk was a major battle between the army of the Byzantine empire and the Muslim Arab forces of the Rashidun Caliphate. The battle consisted of a series of engagements that lasted for six days in August 636, near the Yarmouk river. The Muslim forces won the battle and the Byzantine empire ended in Syria resulting in Islam spreading out in present day Jordan and Syria. All of this took place under Umar Ibn Al Khattab who was the caliph at that time.

The Muslim calendar is finalised

Dec 3, 639

The Muslim calendar is instituted which is based on the activity of the moon.

Umar Bin Khattab

Dec 3, 640

When Umar Bin Khattab was elected as a caliph. Umar was one of the strongest Caliphs ever. He expanded the military after the conquest of Syria in 638. He was also quite generous as when disasters struck he reached out to many countries and was able to get aid for his people which got people to like him a lot.

Death of Umar

Nov 3, 644

On 3rd, November 644, Umar was assassinated by Persians in response to the Muslim conquest of Persia. After the death of Umar, Uthman was appointed as caliph.

Role played by Uthman

Nov 3, 644

When Uthman was appointed as a Caliph. He ruled for around 12 years. In the year 651 he sent Abdullah Ibn Zubayr and Abdullah Ibn Saad to lead reconquest expedition towards Maghreb where he was later able on to spread Islam. He created the compilation of a complete text of the Qur'an that he began preaching to the Islamic Community.

Islamic Civil War

Dec 3, 656

Ali was the caliph during the hardest times in Muslim History. Since the Muslim civil war took place. Ali was a really strong and smart leader though and due to that he was able to rule Rashidun Empire which was extended from Central Asia in the east to North Africa in the west.

Death of Uthman

Dec 23, 656

Uthman was assassinated by men who didn't support his beliefs. After his death Ali became a caliph.

Assassination of Ali

Dec 3, 661

Ali is assassinated by the Kharijities.

Sources

Dec 3, 670

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk
http://islam.ru/en/content/story/biography-first-muslim-caliph-abu-bakr-siddiq
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Uthman
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_as_Caliph
https://www.google.com.sa/search?q=islamic+calendar&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiH5s-H29jQAhUL5xoKHZX4Dh0Q_AUICCgB&biw=1536&bih=760#imgrc=ZLIs5RO9Z6w9RM%3A
https://global.britannica.com/biography/Umar-I
http://www.cyberistan.org/islamic/muhammad.html