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A pump with hand-operated valves to raise water from mines by suction produced by condensing steam. -
An edict issued by Charles VI to ensure that the Habsburg hereditary possessions could be inherited by a daughter. -
Machine that represented an important step toward automatic weaving. -
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A spinning machine powered by water that produced a cotton yarn suitable for warp (lengthwise threads). -
One hand-powered wheel but eight spindles. -
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The Declaration summarized the colonists' motivations for seeking independence. By declaring themselves an independent nation, the American colonists were able to confirm an official alliance with the Government of France and obtain French assistance in the war against Great Britain. -
Spain agreed in principle to exchange its North American colony of Louisiana for territories in Tuscany. -
This machine made it easier to produce cotton yarn and thread. The spinning mule allowed one person to work more than 1,000 spindles at the same time. -
It was built in France in 1783 by Marquis Claude de Jouffroy and his colleagues as an improvement of an earlier attempt, the 1776 Palmipède. -
The power loom utilized a system of gears, pulleys, and belts connected to a steam engine or other power sources. -
The Constitution of the United States established America's national government and fundamental laws, and guaranteed certain basic rights -
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This assembly was composed of three estates – the clergy, nobility and commoners – who had the power to decide on the levying of new taxes and to undertake reforms in the country. -
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A new voting system was proposed in which each individual had a vote. Since the King refused, the Third Estate declared themselves the true representatives of the nation.
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Fears that King Louis XVI was about to arrest France's newly constituted National Assembly led a crowd of Parisians to successfully besiege the Bastille -
The basic principle of the Declaration was that all “men are born and remain free and equal in rights” -
It limited the powers of the monarchy of France, delegated legislative powers to an elected National Assembly, and created an elected judiciary. -
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Louis XVI is executed for treason, and war is declared on France from other European countries
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Louis XVI was found guilty of treason and condemned to death. -
The cession of Spanish territory of La Española or Saint-Domingue to France. -
France's middle class establish a more conservative government ruled by five members
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It overthrew the system of government under the Directory in France and substituted the Consulate, making way for the despotism of Napoleon Bonaparte. -
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There is a military coup and General Napoleon Bonaparte establishes a government consisting of three leaders with himself as First Consul.
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It replaced the fragmented laws of pre-revolutionary France. -
British mining engineer, inventor and explorer Richard Trevithick debuted the first full-scale working railway steam locomotive in the Welsh mining town of Merthyr Tydfil. -
It helped seal Napoleon's eventual downfall and established England as a dominant naval power. -
The first engagement of the War of the Third Coalition and one of Napoleon's greatest victories. -
Continental System, in the Napoleonic wars, the blockade designed by Napoleon to paralyze Great Britain through the destruction of British commerce. -
An 1808 uprising against Charles IV that took place in the town of Aranjuez. -
The uprising was stopped but the stories of heroism of the people of Madrid and the cruelty of the French soldiers inspired others to join the fight against Napoleon. -
The name given to a series of forced abdications of the Kings of Spain, Charles IV and his son Ferdinand VII. -
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The Spanish forces attacked the French at various points on the Guadalquivir river forcing the French away from the region. -
Colombia effectively achieved its independence from Spain by 1819, and the country was recognized by the United States in 1822. -
Mexico fought a long battle for independence against Spain. -
Military and political event that allowed the emancipation of Chile from the Spanish Monarchy. -
A revival of the traditional cortes (Spanish parliament), which as an institution had not functioned for many years. -
The original Luddites were British weavers and textile workers who objected to the increased use of mechanized looms and knitting frames. -
The Constitution of Cádiz among other things limited the power of the monarchy, the abolished feudalism, provided equality between Spanish born Spaniards and Americans, and ended the Spanish inquisition. -
The agreement provided for the withdrawal of French troops from Spain, and the restoration of Ferdinand VII of Spain. -
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The Treaty of Fontainebleau ceded all the territory of French colonial Louisiana west of the Mississippi River, along with New Orleans, to Spain. -
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It concluded a war that had raged for 23 years, ended French attempts to dominate Europe, and destroyed Napoleon's imperial power forever. -
The Holy Alliance was a coalition created in 1815 by the monarchist great powers of Russia, Austria, and Prussia to prevent revolutionary influences in Europe. -
A secessionist civil war fought from 1810 to 1818 by Argentine patriotic forces. -
As an organized movement, trade unionism (also called organized labour) originated in the 19th century in Great Britain. -
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The Liberating Expedition of Peru, under the command of Argentine General José de San Martín, landed on the Peruvian coast from Chile. The royalty abandoned Lima, fortified themselves in Cusco, and General San Martín proclaimed the independence of the Peruvian State. -
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Both the goods and passenger traffic were operated by scheduled or timetabled. -
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The government wished to use the land to encourage the enterprises of small-land owning middle class. -
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One series of revolutions occurring in various locations within a similar time-span. -
One series of revolutions occurring in various locations within a similar time-span. -
One series of revolutions occurring in various locations within a similar time-span. -
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The Communist Manifesto reflects an attempt to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory underlying this movement. -
A law that declared for sale all rural and urban land belonging to the State and the clergy was established. -
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The constitution restored the universal manhood suffrage established by the Constitution of 1812, and declared also the freedom of the press, the freedom of assembly and the freedom of association. -
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The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party is a social-democratic political party in Spain. -
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The CNT was founded in Barcelona in a congress of the Catalan trade union Solidaridad Obrera (Workers' Solidarity) with the objective of constituting an opposing force to the then-majority trade union, the socialist UGT. -
The Treaty of Versailles was signed by Germany and the Allied Nations on June 28, 1919, formally ending World War One.