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During the 19th century Spain was profoundly transformed, as agriculture was modernized and modern industry was born. In addition, the old absolute monarchy was replaced by a parliamentary and constitutional one. ... This whole process of renewal was called the Industrial and Liberal-Bourgeois Revolution.
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The Treaty of Fontainebleau stipulated the joint Franco-Spanish military invasion of Portugal, for which French troops would be allowed to pass through Spanish territory. -
The Mutiny of Aranjuez was a popular uprising that took place on March 18, 1808 in Aranjuez, Madrid. An event that would have as consequences the destitution of Godoy and the abdication of King Carlos IV in his son Fernando VII. -
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The Constitution of Cadiz, approved on March 19, 1812, the feast of St. Joseph, known for this reason as La Pepa, is the first properly Spanish Constitution, since the Statute of Bayonne of 1808 was still a "Charter granted" marked by the Napoleonic seal. -
A pronunciamiento is a specific form of military rebellion, characteristic of the 19th century in Hispanic and Lusitanian countries, which aims at the overthrow of the government or regime change.
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Between 1814 and 1815, the representatives of the European powers that had defeated Napoleon set out to put an end to the situation created by the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Empire by restoring the monarchical principles of the Ancien Régime, i.e. absolutism.
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The period of Spain's contemporary history from the triumph of the Revolution of September 1868 to the pronunciamiento of December 1874, which marked the beginning of the period known as the Bourbon Restoration, is known as the Sexenio Democrático or Sexenio Revolucionario.
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Isabel II , a la que Pérez Galdós denominó «la de los tristes destinos», fue reina de España entre 1833 y 1868, fecha en la que fue destronada por la llamada «Revolución Gloriosa».
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The Regency of Maria Cristina of Habsburg is the period of the reign of Alfonso XIII of Spain in which due to the minority of age of King Alfonso XIII the head of state was carried out by his mother Maria Cristina of Habsburg-Lorraine.
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Ferdinand VII suffered from genital macrosomia, this disease being a consequence of the Bourbon custom of marrying cousins with cousins in order to preserve royal blood. -
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the regime established by the Constitution of 1837 was that of a constitutional Monarchy. On the one hand, it reinforced the powers of the King, ratifying the faculties, already foreseen in the Royal Statute, of convocation and dissolution of the Chamber, as well as the right of veto. -
Sovereignty resides in the people, who delegate its exercise to the authorities established by the Constitution. The Republic is one, indivisible, free and independent of all foreign power, and cannot be the patrimony of any family or person. -
Established that the presidential term would last four years and not six as in the previous Constitution. Created the Council of Ministers, which in a complementary law was defined as an autonomous entity. ... Abolished the Council of State, that consultative body that appeared in the constitutions of 1828, 1834 and 1839.
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Among the main provisions of the 1869 Constitution was a six-year presidential term, reaffirmation of the Catholic religion as the exclusive religion in the country, denying freedom of worship, the power to search homes during internal commotion, and the death penalty for political crimes. -
The project of 1873, along with freedom of worship (art. 34), proceeds to separate the Church from the State (art. 35), and in a more radical approach, "prohibits the Nation, or the regional States and municipalities to subsidize directly or indirectly any cult". -
