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Sufyan, a governor of Syria forges the Umayyad Caliphate after the First Muslim Civil War. Sets up a capital in Damascus. During his reign wages several wars against the Byzantine Empire.
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Dissatisified with the Umayyad's focus on power instead of religion, the Abbasids led a rebellion against their caliphate. The Umayyads at the battle of Zab. An exiled Umayyad empire is established in southern spain.
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The city of Baghdad becomes a centralized source of trade. Helps the Caliphate gain power.
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His son Yazid I succeds his father. Abu Allah ibn al-Zubayr and Husayn ibn Ali challenge Yazid I right to rule. Results in civil war.
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During the Second Muslim Civil War Umayyads tarnish their reputation by damaging holy sites in Medina and Mecca, Yazid I first dies during the war Marwan takes control.
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Abd al - Malik oversees the construction of the Dome of The Rock. The project was started to rival Ibn Al-Zubayr's Kaaba as a place of pilgrimage.
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Diagreements with Shia muslims causes the empire to seperate into several independent states.
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Expand and enforce empire with military action and taxes.
