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570
Birth of Muhammad
Muhammad was a posthumous child, born in the house of his uncle, Abu Talib, on the 12th of Rabi al-Awal of the Year of the Elephant. His mom, Amina, sent the news of the birth to his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, who came, took him in his arms, and gave him the name Muhammad.
http://www.al-islam.org/restatement-history-islam-and-muslims-sayyid-ali-ashgar-razwy/birth-muhammad-and-early-years-his -
Period: 570 to Jun 8, 632
Life of Muhammad
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Jan 1, 610
First Reveleation
Muhammed received his first revelation in 610, on the mountain of Hira outside Mecca when he was searching for solitude. Muhammed received the first fraction of the Holy Quran from the angel Gabriel, and experienced great pain, fearing he would die. Muhammed was ordered to recite the beginning of sura 96.
http://faculty.cua.edu/pennington/churchhistory220/LectureTwo/MuhammadHistory.htm -
Jan 1, 622
Fight to Muhammad
Increasing threats of violence made Muhammad flee Mecca to Medina in the middle of the night with his few followers, He was invited to Yathrib, later renamed Medina meaning "city of the prohpet", to help settle tensions. There, he gain many more followers and fended off attackers from Mecca.
http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/articles/holidays/hegira.htm -
Jun 8, 632
Muhammad's Death
Following the conquest of Khaibar, a Jewish woman prepared a dinner for Muhammad and had put a poison into the lamb that was served at dinner. Muhammad ate some of the poisoned lamb and died as a result three years later.
http://www.answering-islam.org/Silas/mo-death.htm -
Period: Jun 8, 632 to Jan 1, 661
Era of Rightly Guided Caliphs
Al-Khulafa-ur-Rashidun in Arabic, are the 4 caliphs that ruled after Muhammad's death. All 4 were close companions of Muhammad during his life. They truely followed Muhammad's footsteps and were one with the people, much unlike their successors, who took up roles of kings and emperors.
http://www.missionislam.com/knowledge/The Rightly-Guided Caliphs.htm -
Period: Jan 1, 635 to Jan 1, 650
Muslim conquest of Persia
They toppled the Sassanid Empire, led by Abu Bakr. They occupied the called Ctesiphon, and renamed it Madain. After defeating the remaning members of the Sassaind army, Persia was wide open for them.
http://www.iranchamber.com/history/islamic_conquest/islamic_conquest.php -
Jan 1, 643
Complination of the Quran
Uthman first required a copy from Muhammad's widow Hafsah. Then, a committee of scribes were tasked with making perfect transcripts of the original copy. After completion, Uthman ordered all other transcripts to be destroyed, so that all copies of the Quran were uniform in script.
http://islam.about.com/od/quran/a/Compilation-Of-The-Quran.htm -
Period: Jan 1, 656 to Jan 1, 661
Muslim Civil War
Fitnah in Arabic, and marked the split between Sunni's and Shi'is. Caused by the murder of the third caliph and the uncertianity of who should be his successor. Also the end of the Era of Rightfully Guided Caliphs.
http://www.britannica.com/topic/fitnah -
Period: Jan 1, 661 to Jan 1, 750
Umayyad Caliphate
The first great Muslim dynasty to rule. They were a long merchant family in Mecca before conversion and the throne. Eventually overthrown by a revolt that led to the Abbasid Calihpate.
http://www.britannica.com/topic/Umayyad-dynasty-Islamic-history -
Jan 1, 675
Emergence of Sufism
Today, Sufism has about 9 million followers. Its a Muslim movement where followers seek to find divine truth and love through direct encounters with God. Have often taken on vows of poverty, and developed religious practices focusing on mystical union with God.
http://www.patheos.com/Library/Sufism -
Period: Jan 1, 711 to Jan 1, 720
Muslim Comquest of Spain
One of the most most important conquests of Muslim history. The Muslim invaion of Spain was one of justice, freedom, and religious tolerance.
http://lostislamichistory.com/christianity-and-the-muslim-conquest-of-spain/ -
Period: Jan 1, 750 to Jan 1, 1258
Abbasid Caliphate
Second of the great dynasty that ruled the Muslims. Once a revolt that overthrew the Umayyad. The name is derived from the name of Muhammad's uncle. This dynasty shifted the focus of expansion to the East, moving the capital to Baghdad.
http://www.britannica.com/topic/Abbasid-dynasty -
Jan 1, 762
Baghdad established as capital of abbasid caliphate
Replaced Damascus from the Umayyad Caliphate.They ended up adopting the administrative system of the Persian empire. Also where Islam outgrows its roots and morhos into an international religion. http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=eds#ixzz3qw5YGzbF
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?ParagraphID=eds -
Period: Jun 7, 1099 to Jul 15, 1099
Crusaders seize Jerusalem
Christian knights finally cantprued the city after several weeks of seige. After capture, they began massacring the Muslim and Jewish inhabitiants.
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/jerusalem-captured-in-first-crusade -
Jan 1, 1206
Delhi sultanate est. in india
Refers to the Muslim dynasties that ruled North India. First dynasty called the Slave dynasty because rulers were desended from militrary slaves.
http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/history/delhi-sultanate.html -
Jan 1, 1258
end of abbasid
Mongol invasion toppled the caliphate. Recongized as the formal end of the Abbasid Caliphate.
http://www.britannica.com/topic/Abbasid-dynasty -
Jan 1, 1324
Mansa musa pilgrimage to Mecca
This pilgrimage introduced him to rulers in the Middle East and Europe. When he assumed the throne if Mali, he was given the title of Mansa, which means king. He brought with him thousands of escorts and plenty of gold on his pilgrimage, much of which was distrupted before his arrival.
http://www.blackpast.org/gah/musa-mansa-1280-1337 -
May 29, 1453
Ottoman Empire conqures Constantinople
Constantinople was conquered by Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, which gave birth to the powerful Ottoman Empire. After this conquest, he took the title "The Conqueror" and added it to his name.
http://www.theottomans.org/english/campaigns_army/1453-the-conquest.asp -
Jan 2, 1492
Christian reconquest of Spain
Isabel and Fernando complete the reconquest by taking Granada, ending Muslim rule of Spain. Even though, their legacy is still found within the arts of Spain.
http://staff.esuhsd.org/balochie/studentprojects/moorchristian/ -
Jan 1, 1504
Mughal Empire est. in india
Founded by Babur, who is one of history's most persistient conquerors. he assumed the throne when he was 21.
http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ab99 -
Muhammad's Triumph
After Mecca submitted, Muhammad entered the city and headed directly to the Ka'bah. After circling it seven times, he smashed the stone idols, speaking of the oneness Allah and proclaimed himself a prophet.
http://www.waupun.k12.wi.us/Policy/other/dickhut/religions/30 The Life of Muhammad.html
