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Jan 1, 1400
Johannes Gutenberg
Johannes Gutenberg was a German goldsmith and inventor. He is responsible for the start of the printing reovolution, with his invention of the printing press. He created the first published volume called the Gutenberg bibles. -
Jan 1, 1450
The Printing Press
The printing press was invented by Johannes Gutenberg. It allowed the common people to have access to books. This then increased the knowledge of the common person. The printing press was used to print the Gutenberg Bibles, which were the first bibles printed in the history of the world. -
Sep 30, 1452
Gutenberg Bible
The Gutenberg Bible is the first printed book using movable metal type. Before this time books were copied by hand or by movable wooden blocks. These processes would take months or even years to complete. -
Jan 1, 1543
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a development in math and science which transformed views of society and nature. It began in Europe towards the end of the Renaissance. -
Feb 15, 1564
Galileo
Galileo was an Italian physicist, mathematician, engineer, astronomer, and philosopher who made enormous contributions to the scientific revolution. He observed the phases of Venus, discovered the four largest satellites of Jupiter (Galilean moons), the observation and analysis of sunspots and invented an improved military compass. -
Apr 23, 1564
William Shakespeare
Williams Shakespeare was an English poet and a playwright. He is one of the most famous writers of all time. His works have been translated into every living language and are preformed throughout the world. -
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes was a political philosopher. He is well known for his political philosophy. He is the author of the Leviathan. -
The Enlightenment
Beginning in the 16th century the enlightenment challenged religious ideas through science. During this time people began to question the world around them and this led to many scientific accomplishments. -
King Charles I
King Charles I was the king of England, Scotland and Ireland. He had major conflicts with parliament and this led to the Civil War and his execution on January 30, 1649. -
John Locke
John Locke was an English philosopher and physician. He is thought to be one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers. He is also credited with the creation of liberalism. -
English Civil War
Began as a result of a conflict over the power of the monarchy and the rights of parliament. It resulted in King Charles' execution and the replacement of English monarchy with the commonwealth of England. -
Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist and mathematican. He is responsible the ideas of universal gravitation and the laws of motion. He also built the first practical reflecting telescope. -
Leviathan
The Leviathan was written by Thomas Hobbes. It talks about the structure of society and legitimate government. It argues for the rule of an absolute sovereign. -
Principia
Principia was translated to English from latin meaning "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", It was written by Sir Isaac Newton. The Principia includes Newton's laws of motion, Newton's law of universal gravitation, and a take on Kepler's laws of planetary motion. It is thought to be one of the morst important works in the history of science. -
Two Treatises of Government
The Two Treatises of Government was a work of political philosophy by John Locke.The First Treatise attacks patriarchalism and the second outlines Locke's ideas for a more civilised society based on natural rights and contract theory. -
Baron de Montesquieu
Baron de Montesquieu was a political thinker. He is famous for his theory of separation of powers. He may have been partly responsible for the popularization of the terms feudalism and Byzantine. -
Voltaire
Voltaire was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher. He advocated for freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state. He is responsible for the creation of plays, poems, novels, essays, and historical/ scientific works. -
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system where businesses are controlled by private owners. -
First estates
The First Estate was the Church. It encompassed the clergy or the people who prayed. It was the first of three estates (social category) -
Second Estates
The secon estates was the Nobility. It was common for aristocrats to enter the Church and thus shift from the second to the first estate.
Together the frist two estates overruled the third esates which were the peasants. -
Cottage Industry
Cottage Industry was composed of homeworkers who were engaged in a task such as sewing or lace-making. The workers produced goods from their homes. -
Jean-Jacques Rosseau
Jean-Jacques Rosseau was a philosopher, writer, and composer. He influenced the French Revolution and assisted modern political, sociological, and educational ideas. -
Adam Smith
Adam Smith was a moral philosopher. He was one of the figures of the Scottish Enlightenment. He has two classic works: The Theory of Moral Sentiments, and The Wealth of Nations. He is thought of as the "father of modern economics". -
James Watt
James Watt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer. He is credited for the patent of the steam engine and also the developement of horsepower and the unit watts. -
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was the third president, a founding father and the author of the Declaration of Independence. He was influential in the Louisiana Purchase and the United States doubled in size during his presidency. -
Toussaint L'Ouverture
Toussaint L'Ouverture was the leader of the Haitian Revolution. After the revolution was successful he was free and allied with the Spaniards, but later switched to France after their abolishion of slavery. -
The Spirit of Laws
The Spirit of Laws was written by Baron de Montesquieu. It was published anonymously, because of french censorship. He explains ideas such as constitutional theory and seperation of powers. -
Agricultural Revolution in Europe
The Agricultural Revolution in Europe was a major increase in agricultural production. The increase in food supply allowed the population of England to grow. The Agricultural Revolution is thought to have caused the Industrial revolution. -
Miguel Hidalgo
Miguel Hildalgo was a mexican priest and a leader of the Mexican War of Independence. He gathered an army and attempted to gain independence from Spain but was unsuccessful and was executed. -
King Louis XVI
King Louis XVI was King of France until his execution during the French Revolution. He was described as indecisive which is thought to have led to the people's views of him as a tyrant. -
Marie Antoinette
Marie Antoinette was the queen of France during the French revolution. She was convicted of treason and executed by guillotine on 16 October 1793. -
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution changed just about every part of the way we accomplish things from agriculture, textile and metal manufacture to transportation, economic policies and social structure. It implemented an unconventinal way of doing things. And it allowed the world to thrive. -
The Social Contract
The Social Contract by Jean-Jacques Rousseau is a book the suggested the best way to set up a political community in acommercial society. It also disproved the idea that monarchs were divinely empowered to legislate and only the people who are sovereign are able to legislate. -
The American Revolution
The American Revolution took place between 1765 and 1783. The 13 colonies wanted to break away from Britain. Americans rejected the authority of Parliament to tax them without elected representation and the British imposed the Intolerable Acts. This enraged the colonists so they wanted to break off to form a government of the people and for the people. -
Jose Maria Morelos
Jose Maria Morelos was a rebel leader who led the Mexican War of Independence movement, after the execution of Miguel Hidalgo. He was unsuccesful was captured by the Spainish. He was executed for treason in 1815. -
Napoleopn Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who came to power during the French Revolution.He made many reforms across Europe, including the abolition of feudalism and the spread of religious tolerance. -
The Wealth of Nations
The Wealth of Nations was written by Adam Smith. It describes what buillds a ation's wealth and it covers topics like division of labour, porductivity and free markets. -
Declaration of Independence
The Declaration of Independence is a document written by Thomas Jefferson. It announced the seperation of the 13 colonies from British rule and the formation of the United States of America. -
USA
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Jose De San Martin
Jose De San Martin was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire. He is known as the protector of peru. And is responsible for Peru's freedom from Spain. -
Steam Engine
The Steam engine was invented by James Watt during the industrial revolution.It enabled manufacturing machinery to be powered. The engines could be sited anywhere that water and coal or wood fuel could be obtained. Later Steam engines were also used to power trains. It was a key component of the Industrial Revolution. -
Simon Bolivar
Simon Bolivar was a military and political leader. He was influential in Latin America's desire for independence from the Spainish Empire. Bolivar helped found the first union of independent nations in Hispanic-America. Some claim he assisted the foundations of democracy in Latin America. -
American Constitution
The Americsn Constitution is the law of the United States. It was adopted on September 17, 1787, by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It includes the rights of all American citizens; freedom of speech, religion, press...etc. -
The French Revolution
The French Revolution was the rise of democracy and nationalism. Resentment of the privileges enjoyed by the clergy and aristocracy along with economic crisis and years of bad harvests, motivating demands for change. This led to the execution of King Louis the XVI and his wife Marie Anoinette. -
Estates General
The Estates General was a general assembly of the three estates of france: the clergy, the nobles and the peasants. It was called by King Louis XVI to find a solution to the government's financial problems. It led to the third estate breaking off and forming the National Assembly. -
Jacobins
Jacobins was a political club of the French Revolution. Their purpose was to concert their activity and to secure support for the group from elements outside the Assembly. -
The National Assembly
The National assembly was formed by the representatives of the Third Estate. It represented the common people of France and allowed for them to have a say. -
Bastille Day
Bastille day commemorates the beginning of the French Revolution with the Storming of the Bastille on the 14 July 1789. This was the first major event to occur which sparked the French Revolution. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
The Declaraton of the Rights of Man and Citizen defines the individual and collective rights of every man and citizen. It was written during the French revolution and is influential to human rights. -
Haitian Revolution
The Haitian Revolution was a slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue. It led to the end of slavery in Saint-Domingue and the founding of the Republic of Haiti. It is considered the most successful slave rebellion ever to have occurred and as a defining moment in the histories of both Europe and the Americas. -
Guillotine
The Guillotine was an execution device designed to behead. It consists of a tall upright frame in which a weighted and angled blade is raised to the top. The unlucky person was secured at the bottom of the frame, with their neck below the blade. The blade is then released severs the head from the body. -
A Vindication of the Rights of Women
The Vindication of the Rights of Women written Mary. Mary argues that women ought to have an education with their position in society, claiming that women are essential to the nation because they educate its children and that they are human beings deserving of the same fundamental rights as men. -
Committee on Public Safety
The committes on Public Safety's role was to protecting the newly established republic against foreign attacks and internal rebellion. As a wartime measure, the Committee supervised the military, judicial, and legislative efforts. -
Factory System
The factory system utilized machinery to complete taske that were previously done by hand. It also utilized divisions of labor and interchangable parts to quickly and efficently manufacture products. -
Electricity
Useable electricity in the 1800s allowed for more productive machines because before useable electricity people relied on the stream engine and water power. And these were not avaliable in all areas. -
Bank of France
Created by Napoleon Bonaparte, the Bank of France renewed economic growth that was lost during the time of the French Revolution. -
Haiti
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Napoleonic Code
The Napoleonic Code gave privileges based on birth, it allowed freedom of religion, said that government jobs should go to the most qualified. It was very influential on developing countries outside of Europe which were attempting to modernize their country through legal reforms. -
Columbia
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Mexico
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Chile
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Paraguay
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Venezuela
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Argentina
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Karl Marx
Karl Marx was a German philosopher. He influenced economics greatly. He opposed communism because he felt it only beneftitted the wealthy. He also supported Communism. -
Peru
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Brazil
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Bolivia
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Uraguay
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Ecuador
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The Communist Manifesto
The communist Manifesto was written by Karl Marx. Commissioned by the Communist League, it laid out the League's purposes and program. It presents an analytical approach to the class struggle and the problems of capitalism. -
Bessemer Process
Invented by Henry Bessemer, the Bessemer process was the first inexpensive process for the mass-production of steel. -
Vladimir Lenin
Vladimir Lenin was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the leader of the RSF and then the leader of the Soviet Union. -
Interchangable Parts
Interchangable Parts are identical parts used for multiple purposes such as the building and repair of products. It allowed for quick builds and repair and also required little skill to complete. -
Petroleum
Petroleum use took rise with the invention of the combustion engine during the 1900s. It is very widely used today. -
The Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution was led by Francisco I. Madero against longtime autocrat Porfirio Díaz. It went revolt against order to a civil war with frequently shifting power struggles. It resulted in the Mexican constitution of 1917. -
Communism
Communism is a tsystem of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. It was developed by Karl Marx -
Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Russian SFSR. The Tsar was replaced by a provisional government during the first revolution of February 1917. In the second revolution the Provisional Government was removed and replaced with a Communist government.
