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Thirty Years' War
(https://www.history.com/topics/reformation/thirty-years-war)
The Thirty Years' War was a battle that began as a religious conflict which soon turned into a full-blown war that ultimately decided who would rule Europe. From 1618 to 1648, Central Europe was devastated greatly by the war, with many casualties and even more deaths from disease and famine. The Thirty Years' War is known as one of the most brutal wars in history. It changed the way Europe functioned forever. -
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Revolutions Throughout History
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End of the Thirty Years' War
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The English Bill of Rights
https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/english-bill-of-rights
The English Bill of Rights is a bill signed in England that specified on the laws and rights that would govern and protect the English people. It also gave parliament the power to govern over the monarch. It was signed by co-rulers William III and Mary II in the year 1689 who overthrew King James II, who abused his power. It was an important document as it served as an inspiration to future bills like the US Bill of Rights. -
War of the Austrian Succession
https://www.nam.ac.uk/explore/war-austrian
The war was caused by European countries questioning Maria Theresa's right to the throne of Austria. Countries and colonies sided with one side or the other and found many allies. The war started in 1740 and ended in 1748 with the Peace of Aix la Chapelle signed in October of 1748 in France returning occupied lands and Maria was confirmed as ruler of Austria. The peace didn't last and countries soon began fighting again. -
End of War of Austrian Succession
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Stamp Act
www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/stamp-act
The Stamp Act was the first tax levy of paper products imposed on British colonies in America by Parliament. The Seven Years' War, the British needed to pay off debts. Colonists in America refused to pay high taxes. The act passed in 1765, but was retracted in 1766. Parliament issued another act that allowed them to pass any law they saw fit. The act was important as it led to the Revolution and the independence of America due to hostilities. -
Stamp Act Repealed
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Revolutionary War
www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/american-revolution-history
The Revolutionary War was fought between Britain and its 13 colonies over independence from 1775-1783. Tension had been brewing between the two parties due to heavy taxes and lack of representation in the parliament. Skirmishes between British soldiers and colonists led to full-blown war. The colonies sought France's aid during the war. Britain surrendered in 1781 in Yorkstown, Virginia but the war formally ended in 1783 -
Treaty of Paris
https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/treaty-of-paris
The Treaty of Paris in 1783 formally ended the Revolutionary War. American delegates who negotiated the terms with King George III of Britain included Benjamin Franklin and John Adams, influential figures in the history of America. Within the treaty, Great Britain agreed to American independence and ceded most territory in America to the new colonies, beginning the foundation of what would become the United States. -
End of the Revolutionary War
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The French Revolution
www.history.com/topics/france/french-revolution
The French Revolution was a period of time in which citizens of France sought reforms in government. It began in 1789 and ended in the 1790's with Napoleon Bonaparte taking office. Citizens of France were unhappy with the monarchy and the poor policies the king enforced, so they revolted. People killed their king and others who disagreed with the revolution. A new constitution and government was appointed soon after, and a new France was born. -
Tennis Court Oath
www.history.com/this-day-in-history/third-estate-makes-tennis-court-oath
In the infamous Tennis court oath, representatives of the third estate and common people met in an indoor tennis court, defying King Louis XVI's order for the group to part ways. The representatives swore to not disband until a new constitution for France was drafted. People were unhappy with King Louis XVI and wanted a reform, but he refused. In protest, people stormed the Bastille.This action caused the French Revolution. -
Storming of the Bastille
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/french-revolutionaries-storm-bastille
On July 14, 1789 Parisian people and troops joined forces to storm into and destroy the Bastille,a symbol of the monarchy, a fortress that protected Paris during the Hundred Years' War, a prison and also allegedly a storage for guns and artillery. The Parisian people were tired of the tyranny and wanted freedom. This dramatic event caused the beginning of the French Revolution and the end of the French monarchy. -
Reign of Terror
https://www.ducksters.com/history/french_revolution/reign_of_terror.php
The Reign of Terror was a dark and scary period of time in France led by Maximilien Robspeare. Anyone who refused the ideals of the revolution were put to death and many others were beaten and arrested. During the reform of France's government, foreign countries from all sides also began attacking France, and civil wars began throughout France. The monarchs were also killed.The reign ended with the overthrowing of Robspeare. -
End of the Reign of Terror
https://www.ducksters.com/history/french_revolution/reign_of_terror.php
As the killings of French people continued to turn increasingly violent many people felt that the bloodshed could not continue any longer. Those who disagreed with Robspeare plotted to overthrow him. Robspeare was removed from government on July 27, 1794, and he was killed the next day. This signaled the end of the Reign of Terror. By the end of the reign France had formed a new government without a monarchy and freedom. -
Napoleon Bonaparte takes office/ End of French Revolution
https://www.history.com/topics/france/napoleon
The end of the French revolution came with a new man-Napoleon Bonaparte. He was a military general, and came to power in 1799 when he overthrew the Directory and named himself first consul of the French Consul. He later named himself emperor of France in 1804. With the end of the monarchy, French citizens now had power and a say in their governments.
