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Philip of Habsburg, son of Emperor Charles V is recognized as King of Romans, thus maintaining his aspirations to claim the throne of the Holy Roman Empire -
July 8: Charles of Habsburg is born in Frankfort son of Philip of Habsburg and Maria Manuela of Portugal. -
By his marriage to Mary I of England, Philip of Habsburg becomes King Consort of England. -
January 16: In the abdications of Brussels Charles I King of Spain and V Holy Roman Emperor, abdicates his two thrones in favor of his son Philip -
Henry II of France, being surrounded by the Habsburg dominions, decided to support the Flemish rebels by breaking out the Italian wars between France and the Holy Roman Empire. -
May 8: Emperor Philip of Habsburg is elected and crowned two days later in Frankfurt, known as Philip I; his first policy was to annex Spain and its American dominions to the empire, becoming known as the Holy Roman Empire German-Hispanic. In this way he centralized his government, making the administration more effective by creating two capitals Madrid that would be in charge of Spain. -
January 15: Elizabeth of Tudor is crowned as Elizabeth I of England -
March 16: The Conspiracy of Amboise is put down, which attacked King Francis II, so Godefroy de Barry, lord of La Renaudie is executed at the hands of Francis of Guise. -
February 18: A junta of nobles meets in Utrecht in the face of persecution of Protestants by the Spaniards, including Louis of Orange, brother of William of Nassau. -
January 8: The imperial decree of Philip I arrives in which the Inquisition is established in America with headquarters in Seville and sub-headquarters in Mexico and Lima. -
February 13: Coronation of Henry III of France in Reims. -
January 31: Death of King Henry I of Portugal, unleashing a war of succession between Catherine of Portugal, Antonio Prior of Crato and Philip I all grandsons of King Manuel I, Philip I had rights over the Portuguese crown because he was the son of Isabella of Portugal daughter of Manuel I. -
January 12 – The Gregorian calendar is adopted. -
March 4: Maurice of Nassau, takes the city of Breda hiding 68 of his men in a small ship to pass through the walls of the city unnoticed, the unexpected attack and the little response of German-Spanish troops made it possible to take the city