Hundred Years' War

Introduction

1328

My timeline about The Hundred Years' War is going to help people better understand the events involved in this war, but before we jump right in, let's have some background knowledge.
The Hundred Years' War actually lasted for 116 years (1337-1453) and it was between England and France.
The event that initiated the war was Charles IV's death and how he did not have a son to take his place.
With that information, let's jump into the first event!

Citation for title picture

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The Hundred Years War - The Middle Ages - Facts for Kids. Accessed November 30, 2017. http://www.historyforkids.net/the-hundred-years-war.html.

Charles IV's Death

Feb 1, 1328

Charles IV of France died in 1328; no successor.
Lead Edward III of England to be France’s ruler through his mother (sister of Charles IV).
France did not want foreign leader so throne went to Charles' cousin, Philip VI.
Law stated women could not rule or transmit the right to rule to sons.
Another reason Edward did not become ruler.
Both parties disagreed on the rightful heir to the throne hence leading to war.

Battle of Sluys

Jun 24, 1340

England won.
Fought at sea.
England destroyed most of the French fleets.
Prevented France from invading England.
Led to most of the battles being fought in France.

Citation for Battle of Sluys picture

Jun 24, 1340

British Battles. Accessed November 30, 2017. https://www.britishbattles.com/one-hundred-years-war/battle-of-sluys/.

Battle of Crécy

Aug 26, 1346

Another picture from the battle.

Battle of Crécy

Aug 26, 1346

England won.
One of the most important battles.
Surprisingly, England was the smaller army but won due to their longbows.
Longbows were better than the French crossbow.
It could execute more force, and the range of longbows can be shot farther.
French knights wore heavy armory.
Made men exhausted from charging miles uphill and fighting their way through mud.
French archers misjudged the range so they shot too early and too low.
Had no impact on the English army.

Citation for first Battle of Crécy picture

Aug 26, 1346

British Battles. Accessed November 30, 2017. https://www.britishbattles.com/one-hundred-years-war/battle-of-crecy/.

Citation for second Battle of Crécy picture

Aug 26, 1346

MD, Kurt Buzard, Nancy Burns Says, Warface Hack. Warface Aimbot Says, Best Garden Tiller For Large Garden Says, Hobo Joe Says, Marbolo Tom Says, Kurt Buzard MD Says, Regio Says, and Professor Regio Says. "Guns, Gunpowder and Longbows During the Hundred Years War." Travel To Eat. May 15, 2014. Accessed November 30, 2017. https://traveltoeat.com/guns-gunpowder-and-longbows-during-the-hundred-years-war/.

Citation for Bubonic Plague picture

1348

Clark, P. James. "Astrology of the Bubonic Plague." The Classical Astrologer. April 08, 2017. Accessed November 30, 2017. https://classicalastrologer.me/2013/04/30/bubonic-plague/.

Bubonic Plague

1348

Very little fighting in this time.
Spread from a bacteria called Yersinia Pestis from infected rodents.
Rapidly killed Europe’s population.
Philip VI of France became victim to the Bubonic Plague.

Bubonic Plague

1356

Period of the Bubonic Plague's impact on the Hundred Years' War ends.
Fighting continues.

Battle of Poitiers

Sep 19, 1356

England won.
Captured King John II of France.

Citation for Battle of Poitiers picture

Sep 19, 1356

British Battles. Accessed November 30, 2017. https://www.britishbattles.com/one-hundred-years-war/battle-of-poitiers/.

Treaty of Brétigny

May 8, 1360

To get John II back, Treaty of Brétigny was signed.
Resulted in England gaining parts of western France.

Alliance with Castile

1369

French alliance with Castile.
New ruler named Charles V lead to many small towns being won back for France.

Alliance with Castile

1389

End of all the small towns being captured back to France.

Peace

1389

Period of peace.

Peace

1415

End of peace between England and France.

Battle of Agincourt

Oct 25, 1415

Henry V of England invaded France due to failure of negotiations. England won.
Major win for the English army due to their use of longbows.
The English continued to capture land until Joan of Arc made an appearance.

Citation for Battle of Agincourt picture

Oct 25, 1415

British Battles. Accessed November 30, 2017. https://www.britishbattles.com/one-hundred-years-war/battle-of-agincourt/.

Joan of Arc

1429

Joan of Arc had visions from God to take back land from England.
Led French army to success at the Siege of Orleans (1428-1429) and at the Battle of Patay.
Victories made her famous.
Battle of Patay changed the course of the war.
Made the French more powerful.
The reason French won this battle and the Hundred Years War.
Enemies captured and burned her at the stake in 1431.
France slowly gained back their territory after her death.

Citation for Joan of Arc picture

1429

Lanhers, Yvonne, and Malcolm G.A. Vale. "Saint Joan of Arc." Encyclopædia Britannica. February 01, 2016. Accessed November 30, 2017. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-Joan-of-Arc.

Treaty of Arras

1435

France had a diplomatic win with the Treaty of Arras.
Between Charles VII of France and Duke Philip of Burgundy.
Recognized Charles VII as the king of France.
Charles VII, in return, promised to punish the murders of Philip’s father.
English did not accept the peace treaty and war continued.
Charles VII and Duke Philip, who switched sides, fought together.
Gained Paris from England.

Citation for Battle of Castillon picture

1453

"Medievalchronicles.com." Battle of Castillon Picture. Accessed November 30, 2017. http://www.medievalchronicles.com/medieval-battles-wars/battle-of-castillon/battle_of_castillon/.

Battle of Castillon

Jul 17, 1453

France won.
Considered the end of the Hundred Years War.
England lost all territory of France except Calais.
Calais was eventually returned to France in 1558 at the Siege of Calais.