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The Founding of Quebec by Champlain.
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The founding of the Company of One Hundred Associates by Cardinal Richelieu. This is the first company to hold the fur trade monopoly in New France and ran the colony until 1663.
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The Royal Government was established by the King of France. It included him on top, then the Minister of Marine, then the Intendant, Governor, and Bishop in the Sovereign Council, and the Captain of Militia below the Governor. The Population had no say and democracy as non-existant.
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Mgr. de Laval was proclaimed as the first Bishop of New France by the Pope.
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The Great Peace of Montreal was signed and agreed upon. It was between the French of New France and 40 different Aboriginal nations. The French Governor at the time was Louis-Hector de Calliere.
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This is the war between the British and the French that ended with the British taking over control of New France
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The British army took over New France and made it into a military rule, ending the Seven Years War in North America, though it continued for three years in Europe. The military was still nice to the French because there was no guarantee that the British would win in Europe.
The Royal Government was dispersed and the Catholic Church lost it's influence. -
The Royal Proclamation was put into place. It's aim was to "squash like a bug"; assimilate the French. Some of it's changes were:
Shrinking the territory (limited to St. Lawrence Valley)
Changing the name of the colony to the "Province of Quebec"
Criminal and civil laws were changed to the English laws
The government was changed to a Civilian Government: The King chose a Governor, who chose a Council to help him rule
The Test act was put into place
No new Bishop would be chosen -
Quebec second constitution
Expanded the borders of Quebec
French civil law was put in place
Test act changed to oat of Allegiance to the King of England
Church was allowed to collect the tithe again
A gift to the French, to stop revolts -
Britain signed the Treaty of Versailles with America, recognizing it as an independent country and giving it more territory. Quebec lost all it's territory to the south of the Great Lakes.
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Quebec's third Constitution
Divided Quebec into Lower and Upper Canada
Grants a Legislative Assembly to each colony Upper Canada:
Lake Ontario and Lake Superior
20,000 loyalists
British criminal and civil laws
Townships Lower Canada:
St. Lawrence Valley, east of Labrador
160,000 people, 90% Francophone
French civil laws and English criminal laws
Seigneurial system Both:
Representative government
Religious freedom -
The 92 Resolutions were written by the Parti Patriote and sent to London. It demanded more rights for the French and for the population as a whole. It was completely refused.
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When their 92 Resolutions got denied, the Patriotes decided to rebel. They ended up losing in all locations, being untrained and not having enough weapons, so the leader (Papineau) had to flee to America.
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The Act of Union is the fourth Constitution of Quebec. It combines Lower and Upper Canada into a single province and establishes a responsible government.
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The British North America Act establishes the Confederation of Canada as it's own country, though Britain still has control of it's external affairs. The King has nearly no power in Canada and doesn't really participate in it's politics. John A. Macdonald is the first Prime Minister of Canada
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During World War I, not enough people were joining the army. Canada was running out of soldiers and as a solution instituted mandatory conscription.
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In 1918, women earn the right to vote in Canada. While they had it before (Constitutional Act), it was revoked later (Act of Union) and re-instated now. Quebec women still didn't have the right to vote on a provincial level.
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Maurice Duplessis is elected as the Premier of Quebec for the first time. He is Premier until 1939 and is re-elected again in 1944. He is known as a horrible Premier who supported going back to the "Old Ways" and who moved Quebec backwards, not forwards.
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Believing that unions were a communist idea, Duplessis instated the Padlock Act, allowing the government to protect the Province against Communistic Propaganda. This let the government counter the growing union activity.
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Women get the right to vote in the provincial election in Quebec. Quebec is the last province to allow it. This is instituted by Godbout, the Governor between Duplessis's two government periods. With the institution of this law, women have the right to vote in the federal and all provincial elections in Canada.
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This is the second conscription crisis in Canada, this time during World War II. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King promised Canadians he would not impose conscription, but because of the amount of people dying and the amount of people not joining the army he had no choice and was forced to place conscription. Before instituting it, he organizes a referendum, in which most Anglophone Canadians agree and most Francophone Canadians disagree to the conscription.
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The Quebec government bought out all other electricity companies based in Quebec and integrated them into Hydro Quebec, allowing the government to control all the electricity in the Province.
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The FLQ, a rising domestic terrorist group in Quebec who supports the separatist movement, conducts a kidnapping on James Cross, a British diplomat in Quebec. They attempt to use him as leverage to get their comrades out of prison and to grant themselves and their comrades free passage to Cuba. The federal government does not accept the deal and the FLQ kidnaps Pierre Laporte, the Quebec provincial cabinet minister. They attempt to negotiate again and fail, and end up killing Laporte.
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The Quebec government holds it's first referendum on Quebec sovereignty. 59.56% of the people said they didn't want sovereignty, unlike what the PQ (the political party in power at the time) hoped for.
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The Quebec government holds it's second referendum on Quebec sovereignty. 50.58% of the people said they didn't want sovereignty, which is much closer than the first time's 59.56%.
