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Arabs Cross Straight of Gibraltar and gained control of the Iberian peninsula
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Muslims gained control of most of the peninsula and crossed to Sicily and maintained control for around 130 years. They also began their invasion of France at this time
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Defeated by the forces of Charles Martel. Which halted the French expansion
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The beginning of the Umayyad empire. Ruler Abdul-Rahman called the “falcon of Andalus”. He united many tribes and became the caliph of Cordoba.
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Abdur-Rahman’s som Al- Hakam continues the empire and is responsible for extending the great mosque. Beautifully described as the “jewel of the 10th century”. It was regarded as a great wonder until its destruction.
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A short rule of this empire after the Umayyad empire
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Andalusia was a unique place in the world. Universities thrived, science, mathematics, astronomy and astrology prevailed. It was the chief point of interaction between Muslims, Jews, and Christians.
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Islamic civilization reached its peak (around 5.6 million strong). As an example there were around 200K houses, 600 mosques, 900 public baths, 50 hospitals, and lighted and paved streets.
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Almohades Empire rules for just over 130 years.
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Christian forces begin to gain back control of the peninsula. This is the beginning of the end of Muslim rule in Spain.
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The last of the Nasrid rulers fell to Ferdinand and Isabella. The Alhambra is the only place left in tact to showcase the Muslim masterpieces in Spain
