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Jan 24, 632
Muhannud dies and Abu Bakr chosen as caliph.
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Jan 24, 633
Muslim armies take the Fertile Crescent (Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia), North African coast, parts of Persian and Byzantine Empires
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Jan 1, 634
Abu Bakar dies
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Jan 27, 634
Umar becomes the third Caliph
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Feb 24, 650
Caliph Uthman has the Qur'an written down
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May 12, 656
Uthman is murdered; Ali becomes fourth caliph
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Apr 23, 661
Ali is murdered; Mu'awiya becomes caliph. Beginning of Umayyad dynasty
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May 13, 700
Groups of ascetics and mystics begin to form
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May 4, 710
Arab armies enter Spain from North Africa
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Jun 11, 732
Muslim empire reaches its furthes extent. Battle of Tours prevents further advance northwards.
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Jul 19, 747
Revolt defeats the Umayyads
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Jul 21, 750
Abu Abbas becomes caliph in Iraq and the Abbasid dynasty begins
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Aug 16, 765
Division within Shi'ites
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Sep 19, 1030
Umayyad caliphate in Cordoba defeated by the Christian Reconquista
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Jan 24, 1055
Seljuk Turks take Baghdad
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Sep 10, 1071
Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantines at Battle of Manzikert
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Sep 25, 1171
Fatimid power ends in Egypt with the conquests of Saladin
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Oct 12, 1221
Genghis Khan and the Mongols enter Persia
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Nov 9, 1258
Mongols capture Baghdad; city is sacked and caliph is killed. End of Abbasid caliphate
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Sicily comes under Muslim rule
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First Fatimid caliph in Tunisia
