Islamic timeline 632-1258 By akuntz Jan 24, 632 Muhannud dies and Abu Bakr chosen as caliph. Jan 24, 633 Muslim armies take the Fertile Crescent (Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia), North African coast, parts of Persian and Byzantine Empires Jan 1, 634 Abu Bakar dies Jan 27, 634 Umar becomes the third Caliph Feb 24, 650 Caliph Uthman has the Qur'an written down May 12, 656 Uthman is murdered; Ali becomes fourth caliph Apr 23, 661 Ali is murdered; Mu'awiya becomes caliph. Beginning of Umayyad dynasty May 13, 700 Groups of ascetics and mystics begin to form May 4, 710 Arab armies enter Spain from North Africa Jun 11, 732 Muslim empire reaches its furthes extent. Battle of Tours prevents further advance northwards. Jul 19, 747 Revolt defeats the Umayyads Jul 21, 750 Abu Abbas becomes caliph in Iraq and the Abbasid dynasty begins Aug 16, 765 Division within Shi'ites Sep 19, 1030 Umayyad caliphate in Cordoba defeated by the Christian Reconquista Jan 24, 1055 Seljuk Turks take Baghdad Sep 10, 1071 Seljuk Turks defeat Byzantines at Battle of Manzikert Sep 25, 1171 Fatimid power ends in Egypt with the conquests of Saladin Oct 12, 1221 Genghis Khan and the Mongols enter Persia Nov 9, 1258 Mongols capture Baghdad; city is sacked and caliph is killed. End of Abbasid caliphate Mar 2, 2022 Sicily comes under Muslim rule Mar 2, 2022 First Fatimid caliph in Tunisia
