-
Period: 476 to 1492
middle ages
feudalism -
Period: 476 to 1000
early middle ages
feudalism -
Period: 1000 to 1250
high middle ages
feudalism -
1198
Pope Innocent III
-serve god
-born to die
-humans horrible(can't rise to become more than they are) -
1215
Magna Carta
-
Period: 1250 to 1500
late middle ages
feudalism -
Period: 1400 to
renaissance
-
1486
Pico della Mirandola
-humans miracle, nothing more wonderful
-can choose their own place in the world -
1517
reformation
martin luther-against indulgences, bible only source of salvation, 95 complaints and hands on church(Peak-1620s) -
scientific revolution
-heliocentric
-scientific method -
Petition of Right
Petition of Right, 1628, a statement of civil liberties sent by the English Parliament to Charles I . Refusal by Parliament to finance the king's unpopular foreign policy had caused his government to exact forced loans and to quarter troops in subjects' houses as an economy measure. -
Period: to
English Civil War
-
Charles I Beheaded
-
Glorious Revolution
-
Bill of Rights
John Locke
-The Bill of Rights incorporated the ideas of John Locke, who argued in his 1689 work Two Treatises of Government that civil society was created for the protection of property -
John Locke
-glorious revolution
-natural rights-life liberty and property
-if government fails to protect, people should revolt Leviathan-1651
-man vs man
-human nature-pessimistic
-no knowledge, industry, culture, etc
SOLUTION to ^ proposed in book
-central absolute leader but
-consent from people to rule over them(social contract)
-not divine -
Period: to
The Salonnieres
-Madame Geoffrin(1699-1771)
-Mademoiselle Julie de Lespinasse(1732-1776)
-Madame Suzanne Necker(1739-1794) -
Period: to
enlightenment
-age or reason
-philosophes-thinkers
-government, education, economy, social jsutice, nationalism, humanitarianism, environment, etc
-natural science
-rejection of superstition and tradition -
Montesquieu
On the Constitution of England
-seperation of powers(legislative, judicial, executive) -
Period: to
Napoleon Bonaparte
-from Corsican lower aristocracy
-not much money, but good connections(made if without the true privileges of aristocracy by climbing up in military ranks, but didn't do well at military school)
-begins by helping the directory, and quell outside threats -
Period: to
The French Revolution
-liberty, equality, fraternity
-first estate-clergy, second-nobles, and third-middle class, peasants, city workers
-factors of revolution:
-taxes, debt, enlightenment -
Estates General
-meeting of 3 estates to make laws
-1st and 2nd bond together to block 3rd estate
-3rd estate leaves and form the national assembly -
Period: to
Jacobin club
influential throughout 1789
-democratic/radical club -
Storming of the Bastille
REVOLUTION -
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens
-equality and abolish class system(encorporated enlightenment ideas)
-rejected by Louis XVI -
March on Versailles
-angry women march Versailles
-protesting food shortages and price of bread
-wants king to move to paris and accept declaration of rights of man and national assembly
-louis xvi arrested and force to leave versailles for paris -
Louis tries to escape France
after becoming prisoners of revolution:
-treason
-louis and marie try to escape to Austria, where Marie is from -
France goes to war
no national army, no trained soldiers, and outnumbered
external enemies also pressuring -
Citizens attack kings Guards
-monarchy is no more
-according to Robespierre, new republic can only begin with the death of a king -
September Massacres
-Revolutionary citizens attack prisoners
-1600 dead in days
-europe disgusted at france for uncontrolled revolution -
Trial of King Louis XVI
-for treason
-moderates want to spare his life
-"kill king so revolution can live(robespierre, 1793) -
Louis put to death
-Robespierre becomes a bit of a dictator after Louis dies, and tries to take absolute control of power
-robespierre becomes jealous of Marat of Danton-megalomania -
Death of Marat
-martyr for revolution
-symbol -
Marie put on trial
-found guilty/sentenced to death -
Napoleon went to Egypt to conquer Brits by blocking passage to India
-disaster, napoleon slips out and heads back to Paris, leaving troops behind
-arrived in time for the fall of the directory in 1799
-very calculated-Napoleon only served himself and his needs -
Napoleon's Coup
-coup d'etat-overthrow of the state
-govt of the directory was faltering
-spring of 1799, govnt sponsored candidates lost to a group of jacobins and conservatives
-conservatives wanted to redesign the republic along oligarchic lines
-jacobins wanted to democratize the directory-lost
-November-Napolean declared temporary consul or representative chosen by the government to protect the national interests and citizens -
Period: to
Napoleon Ruled as First Consul
-other consuls ignored
-set up jacobin plot as an excuse to take emergency powers
-wrote a new constitution and purged the legislature -
The Enclosure Movement
change public to private land -
Napoleon makes himself Consul for Life
could appoint successors -
Napoleon crowns himself emperor
got away with it:
-good leader who could come up w financial, legal, and military plans
-inspiration to others
-self confident
-meritocracy
-eventually hubris
w his power:
-abolished estates, feudal privileges
-devised budget and fair tax system+centralized administration
-incorporated men of all political backgrounds into govt
-took church out of edu and gov
-education reforms