Middle East

  • 570

    Muhammad born

  • 570

    Ethiopians invade western Arabia

  • Period: Jan 1, 603 to Jan 1, 628

    War between Byzantine Empire and Sasanid Persia

  • Jan 1, 610

    First revelations of the Quran to Muhammad

  • Jan 1, 619

    Deaths of Khadija and Abu-Talib

  • Jan 1, 622

    Hijra of Muhammad and his associates from Mecca to Medina, where first Muslim umma is formes

  • Jan 1, 624

    Muslims defeat pagan Meccans at Battle of Badr

  • Jan 1, 625

    Meccan revenge at Battle of Uhud

  • Jan 1, 627

    Muslims foil Meccan attack at the Battle of the Trench

  • Jan 1, 628

    Hudaybiya truce between Muhammad and Meccan pagans

  • Jan 1, 630

    Mecca's pagan leaders accept Islam

  • Period: Jan 1, 630 to Jan 1, 632

    Arab tribal delegations accept Muhammad as their leader

  • Jan 1, 632

    Muhammad dies

  • Jan 1, 632

    Associates choose Abu-Bakr as first caliph

  • Jan 1, 632

    Rebellion (ridda) of the Arab tribes

  • Jan 1, 633

    Muslim armies crus ridda and finish conquering Arabian Peninsula

  • Jan 1, 634

    Muslims defeat Byzantine army and start conquests outside Arabia

  • Jan 1, 634

    Umar succeeds Abu-Bakr as caliph

  • Jan 1, 636

    Arab victory over Byzantines in Battle of the Yarmuk

  • Jan 1, 637

    Battle of Qadisiyah enables Arabs to take Ctesiphon and western Persia from the Sasanids

  • Period: Jan 1, 639 to Jan 1, 642

    Arabs take Egypt from the Byzantine Empire

  • Jan 1, 640

    Arab garrison towns set up at Basra and Kufa

  • Jan 1, 644

    Shura elects Uthman as caliph

  • Jan 1, 644

    Umar murdered