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Jean Jacques Dessalines finally defeated the French
troops -
Declared the independence of Haiti. It was, thus, the second independent country in America, in this case, led by blacks.
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Napoleon imprisoned Charles IV and his son Ferdinand VII and forced them to abdicate in his favor. Then, he named his brother,
José Bonaparte, king of Spain. -
Was the historical process of the
rebellion of its inhabitants against Spanish colonial rule and the formation of independent national states. -
After the defeat, the armies of Lima and Bogota occupied the city, and a year later murdered 300 patriots and citizens, which shook entire America.
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Reaction of the Spaniards led to the polarization of the positions and the creole elites multiplied
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organized three military campaigns to subdue the Spanish forces in the interior, but they were not successful. However, a revolution spontaneously broke out in Asuncion and the resulting government-held independent.
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When Fernando VII returned to the throne patriotic military campaigns subsisted in Venezuela and the Río de la Plata.
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The command was taken by another priest, José Maria Morelos, who led the second stage of the revolution (1811-1815). He introduced a liberal state and agrarian reform
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Para sofocar el movimiento independentista, Fernando
VII ordenó organizar la denominada "Expedición de mantenimiento de la paz" que, al mando del mariscal Pablo Morillo, zarpó de Cádiz -
Morillo soon resumed control of Venezuela and New Granada. Bolívar, Piar, Páez, and other Venezuelan leaders reactivated the war. Bolivar
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Crossing was epic, but, as they had planned, the six columns met less than a month later in the Aconcagua Valley and although it suffered a serious defeat in Cancha Rayada
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Juan VI returned to Portugal, leaving his son Pedro de Braganza as governor of Brazil, but the following year he proclaimed himself emperor of Brazil
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The arrival of the patriot army commanded by Antonio José de Sucre, and its triumph in Pichincha
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In their meetings in Guayaquil Bolivar, liberator, and president of Gran Colombia, and San Martin, protector of Peru, talked about what
was missing to complete the freedom of America: the defeat of the last realistic bastion in Peru. -
He abdicated and was succeeded by his son, Pedro II, who reigned until 1889 when the first republic was proclaimed.
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when Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna was proclaimed president of the Republic, Spain only recognized Mexican
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The scream of Lares, of independence against Spain, was produced. The rebellion is crushed in a short time. Puerto Rico continues within the Spanish system until the war between EE. UU and Spain.
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The USA does not want
to lose the possibility of taking over the largest island of the Antilles -
Panama belonged to the Viceroyalty of New Granada and, therefore, became independent along with Colombia.
