Islamic Timeline

By TheStruggle
  • Nov 8, 620

    Gabriel Speaks to Muhammad

    Gabriel Speaks to Muhammad
    When meditating, the angel Gabrial appears to Muhammad, According to the Quran, Gabrial told Muhammad to spread the word of God. Muhammad questions this but does eventually begin to tell others about what he has discovered.
  • Nov 11, 622

    Muhammad's hijra

    Muhammad's hijra
    In 622, the Muslim community travels to Medina. Medina is known as the hijra, or the flight. Every Muslim must make a hijra to Mecca to pray as one of the 5 pillars of Islam.
  • Nov 11, 632

    Muhammad's Death

    Muhammad's Death
    Muhammad died in 632 without naming his next successor. This causes confussion and chaos to spread throughout the Muslim culture. Soon there was a split; two new groups formed called the Sunnis and the Shias
  • Nov 11, 632

    Abu Bakr

    Abu Bakr
    Abu Bakr became the first caliph in 632. Ali changed his mind and let Abu become fist caliph in order "to protect the unity of the new Islamic State". Abu's reign ended in 634.
  • Period: Nov 11, 632 to Nov 11, 750

    Sunni and Shia split

    The split between Sunni and Shia people cause great chaos as to who should be the next caliph. The Shias belived that only descendants of Muhammad should become the next caliph. While the Sunni belived that the caliph should be determined by a vote of a special commity.
  • Nov 11, 656

    Ali

    Ali
    Ali became the fourth caliph in 656. He was chosen after the murder of Uthman. Ali rulled for 5 years before getting killed while praying by the Kharujites in 661.
  • Period: Nov 11, 661 to Nov 11, 750

    Umayyad Dynasty

    The Umayyad Dynasty was the first dynasty. It started when Mu'awiya changed the tradition of Muslim culture by making his son as his succassor, instead of letting the "elders of the community" decide. The Umayyad Dynasty lasted 89 years before being challenged by the Abbasids and others who opposed the Umayyads.
  • Nov 11, 750

    Fall of Umayyad Dynasty

    Fall of Umayyad Dynasty
    Umayyads continued to expand into Europe (current France), but were stopped by Charles Martel at the Battle of Tours in 732.The Umayyads were taken out of power by the Abbasids and others who opposed the Umayyad empire in 750. The Abbasids then killed as many Umayyad family members as possible to make sure the Umayyads never took power again.
  • Nov 11, 750

    Rise of Abbasids

    Rise of Abbasids
    Abbasids took over Muslim lands in 750 and began expanding in Chinese territories. The expansions caused a war between the Abbasids and Chinese in 751. They also moved the capital to Baghdad in 762.
  • Nov 11, 762

    House of Wisdom

    House of Wisdom
    The House of Wisdom was a place that many different scholars from a variety of different places on the map would come and share found information. Scholars translated everything into Arabic and then spread their knowleghe across Muslim territories. These texts helped Europeans have an idea about many Greek thinkers.
  • Nov 11, 762

    Abbasids move the capital of Islamic Empire

    Abbasids move the capital of Islamic Empire
    Abbasids move the capital of Islamic Epire in 762. The shift allowed independed dynasties to form to the west.
  • Nov 11, 1096

    First Crusade

    First Crusade
    The Seljuk expanded westward and took control of Herusalem. The Christian knights took back and held Jerusalem until 1187 when the city was retaken by Saladin, a Muslim general. Europeans countinued to live in the region until the Crusades ended in 1204.
  • Nov 11, 1492

    Fall of Abbasids

    Fall of Abbasids
    The Umayyads were replaced by dynasties in Spain that lasted until 1492.