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The prophet Muhammed is visited by angel Gabriel at the age of 40. Muhammed is said to be the prophet sent by god in Islam. Islam starts spreading throughout the Arabian penninsula. -
Muhammed dies of illness. People must choose a new caliph. Abu Bakr, Amam Ali, Umar, and Uthman are all potential successors. Abu Bakr is named the caliph successor of Muhammed, causing controversy as people wanted Imam Ali to be the successor. Abu Bakr dies and is succeeded by Umar. After Umar dies as well, Uthman becomes caliphate, and ultimately after Uthman is assasinated, Ali finally becomes caliphate. -
Imam Ali is assassinated, marking the end of the rule of four previous caliphs - Abu Bakr, Amam Ali, Umar, and Uthman -being the start of Umayyad rule. -
Umayyad Military Commander, Tariq Ibn Ziyad kills Roderic, King of the Christian Visigoths, allowing for the conquest of Hispania. -
The survivors from the fall of the Umayyad Caliphate flee to Cordoba and establish an emirate. -
The Umayyad Caliphate is toppled by the Abbasids in the Middle East. -
Story goes that Hermit Palayo discovered a shrine that had bones underneath believed to belong to Santiago/St. James apostle of Jesus Christ. There are many variations of the story, but more importantly, the story is mainly used as a founding myth. -
The Cordoba Emirate becomes the Cordoba Caliphate -
After a civil war, the Cordoba Caliphate disintegrates into many small independent muslim taifas, or kingdoms.
Some notable ones are: Zaragoza, Toledo, Badajoz, Seville, Valencia, & Granada. -
Previously friendly kingdoms, Toledo & Léon + Castille, engage in war and after a year, Toledo falls to the King Alfonso VI of Léon & Castille. -
Christians in Toledo want to overthrow Al-Mahuns grandson. King Alfonso VI doesn't help, so they go to Yusuf ibn Tashfin for help. The battle between the Almoravid army led by Yusuf, and an army led by King Alfonso VI commences. The Almoravids manage to secure victory. -
Valencia was under the rule of al-Qadir, but was overthrown and killed by Almoravid forces under Ibn Jahhaf. El Cid, or Rodrigo Díaz, brings an army to lay seige to the city, and continues to fight the Almoravids for the rest of his life. Stories like this lead to Rodrigo becoming a mythic figure. -
Many medieval inquisitions took place in Europe, in order to find and punish heretics. They were done in secret, leading to people tortured and imprisoned.
WondriumDaily -
The Directorium Inquisitorum was meant to be the guide for inquisitors, explaining different types of heresies and proper trial procedure.
blogs.shu.edu -
Also known as the Massacre of 1391, many practicing Jews were killing, and were forced to either die or convert to Catholicism. Deaths are estimated to be as high as 50k.
Etzion -
Pope Sixtus IV allows King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella to set up their own inquisition to find heretics
CRF -
The first recorded Act of Faith: Twelve Seville conversos are burned alive for illegally practicing Judaism.
JewishHistory -
Being the end of the Granada War, the Treaty of Granada outlines the terms for Granada's surrender, allowing Muslims living on the captured territory to keep their land and religious freedom.
VaguelyInteresting -
Decree was passed that forced practicing Jews to either leave the country or to convert to Catholicism.
MJHnyc -
Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses, explaining how Luther was opposed to the church's practice of selling plenary indulgences.
LOC95-Theses