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He was born in Mecca
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Muhammad fled to Medina
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Many of Arabian converted to Islam
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Muhammad died
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The first four caliphs, all of them from Muhammad's family. They expanded the Empire by conquering Egypt, Syria and Persia
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The Umayyad family took the power and moved the capital of the Empire to Damascus. They continued the expansion through North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, the Idus river...
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An army of Berbersnled by an Arab minority crossed the Strait of Gibraltar and defeated the Visigoths in the Battle of Guadalete, in which King Roderic died.
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After the military conquest, Al-Andalus became a province or emirate that was dependent of the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus.
The capital was established in Córdoba and an emir was appointed to rule the emirate. -
This family killed the Umayyad family and took over power. They moved.
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In 750, the caliphs in Damascus were overthrown by the Abassids of Baghdad.
The last member of the Umayyad family, Prince Abd al-Rahman, fled to Al-Andalus in 756.
He broke away from the Baghdad Caliphate, founded the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba and was independent in politics and dependent in religion. -
The emir Abd al-Rahman III wanted to impose his authority, and, in 929, he proclaimed himself caliph and established the Caliphate of Córdoba, a territory independent from the authority of Baghdad.
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From 1008, the Caliphate began to break up. By 1031, Al-Andalus was divided into more than 25 independent kingdoms called taifas, they were military weaker as a result of the political fragmentation.
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Arrival of the Almoravids
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Arrival of the Almohads
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End of Abbasid Caliphate.
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Granada was one of the most important cultural and commercial centres in Europe.
The prosperous economy allowed the sultans to pay high taxes in gold to Castille to avoid attack. This made their survival possible until 1492 when Boabdil, the last ruler of Granada, surrendered to the Catholic Monarchs. -
Conquest of Granada by the Catholic Monarchs.