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A split between sunni and Shiite has an impact on Muslim history.
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Ali is murdered and Mu'awiya becomes caliph.
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Arab armies enter Spain from North Africa.
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Muslim empire reaches its furthest extent. Battle of Tours prevents further advance northwards.
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Abu l'Abbas becomes caliph in Iraq
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Abassid´s control over Arab lessened. In Spain, Egypt and elsewhere, independent dynasties rules separate Muslim states. This caused Chaos.
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Seljuk Turks migrated into Middle east and adapted Islam, and built a large empire.
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The Sultan of Seljuk controlled Baghdad, but left the Abbasid caliph as a figure head.
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This was the year of the first crusade.
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Christian crusaders captured Jerusalem.
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The Muslim general Salah al-Din, or Saladin, banishes Christians from Jerusalem.
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Genghis Khan led the mongols out of central Asia across Persia and Mesopotamia. The armies visited frequently.
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Hulagu grants Genghis burned and looted Baghdad, killing the last Abbasid Caliph. Later mongols adopted Islam.
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Another mongol leader Timur the Lame, led his armies into the middle east. He conquered Muslim and non Muslim lands.
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Castile and Aragon capture Granada. All Muslims (and Jews) are expelled from Spain.
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The height of the Ottoman Empire occurred under the sultans Selim the Grim, also known as Selim I
