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Muhammad dies and Abu Bakr (his father-in-law) is chosen as caliph. This helps the spread of Islam because there is now a successor to Muhammad.
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Ali (son in law of Muhammad) was murdered. Mu'awiya (who is the governor of Syria) becomes caliph and the leader of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 750.
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Arab armies invade Spain from North Africa. This helps the spread of their religion
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The Muslim empire cannot conquer anymore north because of the Battle of Tours.
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Abu l'Abbas becomes caliph in Iraq. (Iraq from Google Maps)
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Al-Mutawakkil discriminates Jews and Christians from Muslims by ordering them to wear different clothing.
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First Fatimid caliph in Tunisia.
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Tugrul Bey overthrows the Buyid Dynasty. (Picture of Tugrul from Wikipedia)
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The first Christian crusade for Jerusalem called for by Pope Urban.
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Christian Crusaders take over Jerusalem. This declines the spread of Islam.
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Saladin recaptures Jerusalem from the Christians. The third crusade happens and results in a truce and Jerusalem still belonging to Saladin. (picture of Saladin from Wikipedia)
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Assassins wipe out Mongols. Indian rulers in Delhi take the title of Sultan. Spanish Mystic Muhyi al Din ibn al Arabi flourishes.
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Mongols capture Baghdad, city is ransacked and the caliph is killed. End of Abbasid caliphate.
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Picture for 1300s
Picture is of Uthman's name -
Reign of Uthman, who founds the ottoman empire. Muslim merchants and missionary settle into Southeast asia.
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Granada is captured by Spain, ending 800 years of Muslim rule in Spain. Castile and Aragon capture Granada. All Muslims (and Jews) expelled from Spain. This declined the spread of Islam. (Granada from Google Maps)
