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Muhammad dies in Medina after falling ill, three months after leading a pilgrimage to Mecca
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The Umayyad dynasty leader defeated Ali. This event ended the Rightly-Guided Caliphate.
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Muslim armies enter Spain to invade the Iberian Peninsula, pushing the north into France
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In 732, The Battle of the tours occurred. This battle stopped the northward advance of Islam from the Iberian peninsula
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Abu al-Abbas captured Damascus and soon after founded the Abbassid Dynasty which ended Arab dominance and helped make Islam a universal religion
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Abbassid control over the Arab empire fragmented. Christian priest in Muslim Cordova, is executed after he refuses to retract numerous insults he made about the Prophet Muhammed.
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Death of the philosopher Al-Farabi, who spent most of his life in Baghdad
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Seljuk Turks capture Baghdad.
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Crusaders attempt to reach the wall of Jerusalem. Crusaders fail to take Jerusalem by storm.
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This is the year of Islamic victory! They reconquered Jerusalem and the Crusaders hold only Tyre, Tripoli and Antioch.
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the sixth crusade (1216-1218)
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Hulgeu, the Mongol chief sacks Baghdad, massacring the population and killing the last Abbasid caliph.
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The 1300s was the reign of Uthman, who founded the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans capture Bursa and Iznik and move into Europe. Then the capital of Ottoman Empire moved from Bursa to Adrianople. Ottomas take control of the Balkans.
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all Muslims and Jews are expelled from Spain
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Reign of Suleyman the Magnificent. The Ottoman Empire is at its most powerful point. The Ottoman Empire now rule Hungary and coastlands of Algeria and Tunisia
