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The death of Muhammad plunged his followers into grief, Abu Bakr was determined to continue Muhammad word. Arab unity did not collapse because it was inspired by the teachings of Muhammad. Arab armies crossed the Byzantine and Persian empires, and very quickly they reached from the Atlantic to the borders of India
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Ali became the fourth Caliph but he was assassinated in 661 in a struggle for leadership, this was important because he was the son-in-law to the prophet Muhammad and caused the split in the Muslim community
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The Muslims crossed the Strait of Gibraltar into Spain and pushed into north France. The Muslim religion was introduced to north France
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The Muslim advanced into Western Europe was halted by the defeat at the battle of Tours. They had a victory streak of battles but were setback by this loss. Later, waves of conquests would expand Muslim rule further into the continents of Asia and Africa
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After the death of Ali, the Umayyad family set of a dynasty that ruled the Islamic wold until 750. They directed the spectacular conquest that carried Islam from the Atlantic to the Indus Valley
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Abbassid control over the Arab empire fragmented.
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The Seljuk Turks migrated to the middle east from central asia
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A Seljuk sultan controlled Baghdad but left the Abbassid caliph as a figurehead
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Reports of Seljuk interference with a Christian Pilgrims traveling to Jerusalem lead pope Urbin II to call for the First Crusade
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After a long bloody siege, Christian crusaders captures Jerusalem
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Muslim General Salah al-Din ousted Christians from Jerusalem
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Genghiz Khan led the Mongols out of Central Asia across Persia and Messopotania
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Hulhgu the grandson of Genghiz burned and looted Baghdad killing the last Abbassid Caliph later the mongols adopted Islam.
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Another Mongol leader Tameralne lead his army to the middle east, his ambitions lead him to conquer Muslim and non Muslim lands
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For centuries after the battle of Tours; Christian forces battled to reconquer Spain. Only in 1482 they did seized the last Muslim Stronghold. In the meantime Spain flourished as the center if Muslim Civilization
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Suleiman becomes ruler of the Ottoman empire. During his reign, the empire rose and enjoys a golden age
