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Muhammad fled to Medina because he was being persecuted.
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They were from Syria and made Damascus the capital
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North Africa and most of the Iberian Peninsula
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After the military conquest, Al-Andalus became a province or emirate
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Charles Martel beated the Muslims in the Marca Hispánica
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They defeated the Umayyads and took over the Caliphate
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Abd al-Rahman broke away from the Baghdad Caliphate, declared himself an independent emir and founded the Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba
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Nubia and Palermo
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southern and central Italy
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