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Uthman was assassinated in 656, and succeeded by Ali
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Sunni/Shia division resulted in the first Muslim civil war (fitnah: 656–661)
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Ali was assassinated in 661 but the armies continued and then crossed the Straits of Gibraltar to attack Spain in 711 AD.
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Muʿāwiyah then established himself as the first Umayyad caliph in 661 AD
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Umayyads ruled Muslim Empire from. 661 A.D to 750
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From 661-750, the Muslim Empire expanded.
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Together they moved across the Strait of Gibraltar and conquered the Iberian Peninsula in 711 AD