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Philip of Habsburg, son of Emperor Charles V, is recognized as King of the Romans, thus maintaining his aspirations to claim the throne of the Holy Roman Empire. -
July 8: Charles of Habsburg is born in Frankfort, son of Philip of Habsburg and Maria Manuela of Portugal. -
Carlos V ratifies his son Felipe as a candidate for the Germanic throne, relegating his brother Fernando who aspired to be Emperor. -
By his marriage to Mary I of England, Philip of Habsburg becomes King Consort of England. -
September 25: the peace of Augsburg is signed, ending the religious wars of the Holy Roman Empire so that the rulers of the Empire can freely choose their religion. -
July 28: The Welser banking family founds New Augsburg (NLT: Santa Ana del Coro) in the province of Venezuela, the first Germanic colony in America; because Emperor Carlos I offered them a part of the province of Venezuela to forgive a debt. -
Enrique II of France to the verse surrounded by the Hapsburg domains decided to support the Flemish rebels exploding the Italian wars between France and the German-Hispanic Holy Roman Empire. Philip I of Habsburg declared the cessation of payment of several debts since he inherited a large debt from his father Emperor Charles V; for what was the first bankruptcy declaration in history. -
In this way he centralized his government, making the administration more effective by creating two capitals: Madrid, which would be in charge of Spain, the Netherlands and its American colonies, and Vienna, which would be in charge of the Germanic nations. After of that dies maria I on londres and start hostilities of Inglaterra and the sacro imperium
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Margarita de Parma, sister of Emperor Felipe I, is appointed Governor of the Netherlands, generating great disagreement with the local nobles since Emperor Carlos I, father of Emperor Felipe I, maintained a tolerant policy with the Netherlands and did not appointed no foreign governor. -
Since the emperor Philip I of a deeply Catholic faith was against the peace of Augsburg that offered an apparent freedom of cults, the emperor rejects it and begins a strong repression against the Protestants installing the Spanish Holy Inquisition in Brandenburg, Saxony and Bavaria, with Protestant majority. What generates that the princes electors convoke to the Diet of Hamburg. -
In Vienna, Charles of Habsburg is proclaimed Prince of Asturias as heir to the Kingdom of Spain and as King of Romans as heir to the Holy Roman Empire. -
The Diet of Hamburg requested the abdication of Philip I, since his religious persecutions had made him unpopular among the prince electors, so to mediate with the Diet and the prince electors he appoints as Governor of the German lands his uncle Ferdinand of Habsburg, who was a more political and conciliatory man. -
Creation of a war council based in Frankfurt, by edict of Philip I, headed by Fernando Alvarez de Toledo y Pimentel, Duke of Alba and Maximilian of Habsburg, in order to make clear decisions in front of the various wars around the empire and in Europe. -
More than 80 Huguenots are massacred by the ultra-Catholic François duke of Guise at Wassy-sur-Blaise, which marks the beginning of the First War of Religion in France. Protestant forces led by Louis I of Bourbon, Prince de Condé and Gaspard de Coligny quickly seize Orleans, Rouen and other cities in France. -
In the Battle of Dreux Huguenot forces under the command of the prince of Condé and Coligny, and Catholic forces under the command of Anne, Duke of Montmorency face each other with victory for the Catholic side. The official leaders of both armies (Condé and Montmorency) are captured in the battle. -
In spite of the peace of Ambroise, the English troops did not withdraw from France and set out to occupy Le Havre, in replacement of Calais which they lost in the signing of the treaty of Cateau-Cambrésis, so the English troops confronted the French troops, from which the French troops emerged victorious and expelled the English.