History of Sudan

By elkhoury.t

  • Egypt conquers

    Egypt unified and conquered the upper of a group of independent kindgoms. This was Sudan, in the beginning of the Christian era.

  • Madhi

    Muhhamad ibn Abdalla, a religious leader around 1881, proclaimed himself Madhi in Sudan. This meant "expected one". Soon after this, he devised a religious crusade. His plans were to help central and western Sudan to become unified. His followers are called "Ansars". The name is still used today, and the original Ansars were involved in one of the largest political groupings, formed by a descendent of Madhi, Sadiq al Madhi. This was called the Umma Party.

  • Egypt loses control

    In 1883 to 1898, Egypt no longer had control over Sudan. Them, along with the Madhist state lost all effective control over the southern region. Sudan was left as a basically helpless area, used to slave raider attacks and tribes.

  • Gaining Independence

    February of 1953 was the time of Sudan's indepence. Egypt and the U.S. agreed that Sudan should lose their dependent characteristics, and should continue on independently and doing everything themselves. Government, along with determination was put in their hands. The first parliament took place in 1954, and a couple years after, they official left their dependence (1956).

  • First Civil War

    17 years of civil war was launched due to a mutiny of southern army officers. This mutiny happened because of the creation of a federal system from the Arab led Khartoum government. However, this was not the only reason war broke out. There were also some racial, cultural, and religious divides that could cause this type of conflict. The north of Sudan is filled with Arab Muslims. They wanted to unify the country along the lines of Arabism and Islam. This caused conflict for African Christians.

  • General Ibrahim Abboud Seizes Power

    General Ibrahim Abboud pursued a policy of Abrabization and Islamization in 1958. This was to strengthen the south. However, it was, to the south, more of a persecution than a devised plan to make the southern opposition more powerful.

  • Second Civil War

    Once again, a mutiny starts a new civil war. Southern soldiers decided to mutiny against what they were told. Because of the disobedience, they were transferred to the north, and a new civil war started.

  • Nimeiri

    Nimeiri,a man who created a powerbase for Sudan and spread Islamicization, was overthrown in April 1986. Some causes of him being overthrown were economic problems, political repression, and the uprising war starting in the south. In his place, a man named Gen. Suwar al Dahab headed took over. He suspended the 1989 constitution and completely took away Nimeiri's plans, one being Nimeiri's Sudan Socialist Union.

  • Civil War Ends

    A historic agreement is finally made between the SPLM/A and the Government of Sudan. The agreement put southern Sudan on self determination. After this agreement, peace talks were started and continued into 2003. Their topics varied from the sharing of wealth to three contested areas.

  • Peace

    Another historic agreement is made. This agreement, however, provided for southern Sudanese troops to be withdrawaled, a ceasefire, and resettlement of refugees.This agreement also states that the CPA be implemented, and for various elections. President, legislatures, and governors are included in the variety of elections.