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The real date of Muhammad's birth is unkown. Muhammad was born in Mecca into a poor clan and orphaned from a young age. He was raised mainly by his grandparents. Muhammad, in his later years became the prophet of Islam, chosen directly by god.
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Muhammad was visited by archangels one of which was Gabriel. He recieved his first revelation from Gabriel told to recite one of many verses.
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A new monotheistic religion began. This religion was named Islam. The followers of this newly founded religion were called muslims. Muslims were able to s[read Islam throughout the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Europe. The year 622 also also became the first year in the Muslim calendar.
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In a time of triumph the Muslims are able to successfully attack Meccan caravans at Badr.
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Using one of the largest armies known in Muslim history, Muhammad was set to get the city of Mecca back in his hold.Muhammad was careful in deciding who to recruit into his army, but they were well strategized with secret plans.
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Muhammad's death severely struck his followers into a time of sorrow. Islam slowly came back into survival, still spreading under the caliph Abu Bakr. caliph: successor to Muhammad
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Muslim armies take the Fertile Crescent (Egypt, Syria, Palestine, Mesopotamia), North African coast, parts of Persian and Byzantine Empires
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Muslims enter Egypt and rout the Byzantine army. Muslims consider their conquest as the liberation of subjugated people, since in most instances they were under oppressive rule.
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After many areas where Islam has spread, it proceeds to be spread throughout North Africa
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Imam Ali is killed, bringing an end to the rule of the four "righteous caliphs": Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, and Ali. This also marks the beginning of the Umayyad rule.
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Arab armies were prosperous and conquered many areas. They conquered significant parts of the Byzantine Empire and were able to swiftly demolish the Persian Empire.
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Muslims enter Spain in the west and India in the east. Eventually almost the entire Iberian Peninsula is under Islamic control.
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After conquering many land areas, in 732 Muslim reaches its largest size. The Battle of Tours prevented any further advancment northwards
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A caliph is defined as a successor. Al-'Abbas was the first caliph of the Abassid dynasty.
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In the midst of the First Crusade, knights of Europe blockaded and captured Jerusalem after seven weeks of siege and began exterminating the city's Muslim and Jewish population
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Afghanistan falls under the control of Ghorid rulers
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Mongol, under the rule of Ghazan succesfully took the northern city of Aleppo
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Safavid empire begins. The Safavid empire covered all of Iran and parts of Turkey. The empire made Iran the center of art, architecture, poetry, and philosophy.
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Under the rule of Suleiman armies were posted around the Austrian capital of Vienna.Although they were unsuccessul at first, this started many years on conflict between the Europeans and Ottomans
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The reign of Akbar. Akbar was a determined and high-born commander who built the largest army ever in the history of the Mughal empire
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This event was called the Sepoy Mutiny. It ends in a few months with the fall of Delhi and Lucknow
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The Arabs, after the crisis of Abu Bakr, uninhabited their siege of Constantinople. Siege is defined as a military operation in which enemy forces surround a town or building, cutting off essential supplies, with the aim of compelling the surrender of those inside. This is what the Arabs intended to do.
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Muslims enter the area north of Arabia, known as "Sham," including Syria, Palestine, Lebanon and Iraq.
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Reign of Harun al-Rashid. Became the 5th successor in the Abbasid dynasty. HIs works are best known through the stories of "The Thousand and One Nights."
