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In the year 410, the Roman empire withdrew from the island, was occupied by Norman barbarians, Christianity spread throughout the region.
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In 1066, the Duke of Normandy, a descendant of the Vikings settled in northern France a few centuries earlier, landed in England and conquered its territory. He was proclaimed king with the title of William I of England and replaced the local nobles by French Normans.
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The war was in fact a chronic conflict interrupted in England by palace intrigues, wars by the succession of the throne, the black plague that devastated the country 1348 and a violent peasant rebellion in 1381.
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In 1453 the French completed the reconquest of their territories.
The war of the Roses, fought between 1455 and 1487 between the houses of Lancaster and York by the succession of the throne, led to the weakening of the English nobility and the emergence of the bourgeoisie as a relevant political actor. -
In 1707, England and Wales joined Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain through the Act of Union. In 1800, Ireland would join the United Kingdom, although informally it was a domain of the crown since it was militarily occupied in 1691.