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Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral lands in Brazil. He claims it for Portugal.
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French forces occupy Rio de Janeiro harbor. Two years later, Portugal regains control and establishes the city of Rio de Janeiro.
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Gold is discovered in Brazil.
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Brazil gains independence from Portugal. Pedro I, the son of Portugal’s king, establishes the Brazilian empire.
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The military forces Emperor Pedro II to give up his throne. Brazil becomes a republic with a president.
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Southeastern Brazil becomes a coffee growing center. Coffee becomes the country’s most important crop.
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More than 100 world leaders meet in Rio de Janeiro for the first international Earth Summit. They discuss ways to protect the environment.
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