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Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547. -
Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses , accusing the Catholic church of heresy. He writes the Theses to tell the Pope about the corruption of the priests of the church. -
The New Testatment is translated into English by William Tyndale. -
England cuts ties with Rome, becomes officially protestant and the king was made « Supreme Head of te Church of England ». -
Edward VI was crowned on 20 February 1547 at the age of nine, making him one of the youngest English sovereigns. He introduced the book of Common Prayer and Protestant Measures. -
Upon the death of Edward VI in 1553, Mary I was the first queen to rule England in her own right. When she became Queen she began to restore the Roman Catholic faith in England. This lead to lots of Protestants being burnt at the stake, this earnt her the title of ''Bloody Mary''. -
Elizabeth succeeded to the throne on her half-sister's death in November 1558. Her reign is associated with the idea of the "Golden Age". -
Pope Pius v issued the bull Regnans in Excelsis, which declared Queen Elizabeth of England excommunicated from the Roman Catholic Church and deprived her of her sovereignty in England and Ireland. -
Mary Queen of Scots was convicted for complicity in plots against Elizabeth I and sentenced to death. She was executed in 1587 in Fotheringham Castle, wearing a bright
red dress, the colour of Catholic martyrs. -
Philip II, the Catholic King of Spain supported several plots against Elizabeth : In retaliation, and to support the cause of Protestantism, Elizabeth supported the Dutch Revolt against Spain. As a result, the King of Spain attempted to invade England but it was a complete defeat,and England was victorious. -
James was proclaimed King of Scotland in 1567.
He was crowned King of England in 1603 on Elizabeth’s death. -
A conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up Parliament and kill James I. -
The first permanent english settlement in America. -
A period of starvation in the colonies.
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The Thirty Years' War ran from 1618 to 1648. It broke out as a result of a quarrel between Catholic and Protestant German princes and rapidly spread across Europe, causing the deaths of millions of people.
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He became heir to the throne on the death of his brother, Prince Henry, in 1612. He succeeded, as the second Stuart King of Great Britain, in 1625. -
The MPs requested the King to recognise the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial. They wanted to get Charles to recognise that there were limits to his powers. -
11 years when the King ruled without calling a parliament. -
The introduction to a new Book of Common Prayer set Scotland aflame and led to a violent crisis in the country.
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An important document voted by Parliament after heated debates, summarazing all the wrongdoing of Charles I. -
Two major civil wars took place as a result of conflicts between Parliament and the King. At the end of these two wars, the monarchy was abolished, giving way to a common wealth in England.
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A new army was created in 1644 by the Parliamentarians.
Unlike the earlier regional armies, this was a national, centralized army, controlled and paid from Westminster rather than the counties -
A period of discontinuity or "gap" in the English government.
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The political structure period when England was governed as a republic after the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I.
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Charles I was executed in 1649 after the Second Civil War, which led to the dissolution of the monarchy and the House of Lords, and the beginning of a common wealth in England. -
England’s first and only written constitution. -
A military dictatorship during which Cromwell was the "Lord Protector" (similar powers to those of a King)
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Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda that promised:
- A general amnesty
- To continue religious toleration
- To share power with Parliament in return for the restoration of monarchy -
Return of the monarchy : the King restored.
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All ministers had to swear to conform to the Book of Common Prayer and the restoration of bishops to the House of Lords and to their place in the Church. -
Three Exclusion Bills sought to exclude James II from the thrones of England, Scotland and Ireland, because he was Catholic.
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James II was replaced by his daughter Mary II and her Dutch husband, William III of Orange.
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Sets out a constitutional requirement for the Crown to seek the consent of the people as represented in Parliament -
This act put an end to the 16th and 17th quarrel between King and Parliament. A new balance of powers in favour of Parliament -
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain: England (and Wales) and Scotland. -
Britain gained Acadia over the French.
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It is named the Georgian Era because all kings were names Georges : George I : 1714-1727
George II : 1727-1760
George III: 1760-1820
George IV: 1820-1830 Prince regent from 1811 -
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Colonists dressed as indigenous and threw tea overboard . It was the first episode of the war of independence -
The years 1775-1783 were a turning point in British history,
as the nation lost a huge part of its empire in the American War of Independence -
It started the American revolutionary war. -
Britain formally recognized the independence of the United States . -
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England and Scotland) and Ireland.