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The Ninety Five Theses is a list of proposition for an academic disputation.
Written by Martin Luther the 31 October 1717.
Martin is a professor of moral theology at the University of Wittenberg in Germany. -
William Tyndale believed the Bible should be available in the vernacular, the common people's speech. He famously declared :
"The boy that driveth the plough shall know more of the Scripture than an educated man." -
On 3 November 1534 King Henry VIII became the Head of the newly founded Church of England. At the time this was a seismic shift in the power dynamics of Europe, as England’s split from Rome was confirmed. -
Book of Common Prayer, liturgical book used by churches of the Anglican Communion. First authorized for use in the Church of England in 1549 -
Mary Tudor, and as "Bloody Mary" by her Protestant opponents, was Queen of England and Ireland from July 1553 and Queen of Spain as the wife of King Philip II from January 1556 until her death in 1558. -
The revised Act of Supremacy still abolished papal supremacy, but defined Elizabeth as Supreme Governor, rather than Supreme Head, of the church. -
Catholics in the North of England try to replace Elizabeth I with Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots. -
Mary, Queen of Scots, was executed on February 8, 1587. She was a Catholic claimant to the English throne and had a tumultuous and controversial life. Mary had been imprisoned in England for nearly 19 years under the orders of Queen Elizabeth I. Her execution took place at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire, England. -
The defeat of the Spanish Armada is a significant event in European history. The Spanish Armada was a powerful fleet assembled by King Philip II of Spain in an attempt to invade England and depose Queen Elizabeth I. The conflict during this time was primarily driven by religious and political differences, with Spain being a Catholic power and England under following the Protestant faith. It marked a decline in Spanish naval power and a strengthening of English naval dominance. -
In 1603, James I ascended to the throne, becoming the King of England. His reign marked a significant period in British history, including the union of the English and Scottish crowns. -
In 1605, the Gunpowder Plot unfolded as a failed conspiracy by Catholic conspirators to assassinate King James I by detonating explosives beneath the House of Lords in London. The plot was thwarted, leading to the execution of the conspirators and the establishment of Guy Fawkes Night as an annual commemoration. -
In 1610, financial reforms were implemented, including discussions surrounding the "Great Contract," a proposed agreement between King James I and Parliament aimed at addressing fiscal issues. However, the negotiations for the Great Contract ultimately fell through, contributing to ongoing tensions between the monarchy and Parliament. -
In 1628, the Petition of Right was enacted, a crucial constitutional document in England that sought to limit the monarch's power by safeguarding individual liberties. The petition emphasized the protection of citizens against arbitrary taxation and imprisonment, marking an important step towards constitutional governance. -
In 1629, King Charles I dissolved Parliament and issued the Three Resolutions, asserting his authority to govern without parliamentary approval. This event further escalated tensions between the Crown and Parliament, setting the stage for a period of personal rule by Charles I and ultimately contributing to the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642. -
In 1640, after an 11-year period of personal rule, King Charles I reluctantly called Parliament in response to financial and political challenges. This event, known as the Short Parliament, marked a brief period of cooperation before tensions resurfaced, leading to the subsequent Long Parliament and further conflicts that culminated in the English Civil War. -
In 1641, the Irish Rebellion erupted, leading to widespread violence and conflict in Ireland. Concurrently, in England, the Grand Remonstrance was presented to Parliament, outlining grievances against King Charles I's policies and actions. These events heightened political tensions and played a significant role in the lead-up to the English Civil War. -
In 1649, England witnessed the abolition of the monarchy and the House of Lords as part of the radical political changes during the English Civil War. This marked the beginning of the Interregnum, a period of republican rule led by Oliver Cromwell and the establishment of the Commonwealth of England. -
In 1653, Oliver Cromwell dissolved the Rump Parliament, a remnant of the Long Parliament that had governed England during the turbulent years of the English Civil War. Dissatisfied with its inefficiency, Cromwell dismissed the Rump Parliament by force in an event known as Pride's Purge. -
In 1660, Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda, outlining terms for the monarchy's restoration. It emphasized religious tolerance and offered amnesty for those involved in political conflicts, facilitating Charles II's return to the throne. -
In 1662, the Act of Uniformity mandated clergy to use the Book of Common Prayer and conform to the rites and ceremonies of the Church. -
The Popish Plot of 1678 was a fictitious conspiracy that gripped England during the reign of King Charles II. The plot falsely claimed that there was a Catholic conspiracy to assassinate the king and overthrow the government. -
In 1688, the birth of James II's son heightened fears of a Catholic succession in England. -
In 1689, the Bill of Rights affirmed parliamentary supremacy, curbing royal power and setting key constitutional principles. -
The 1701 Act of Settlement ensured a Protestant succession to the English throne by excluding Catholics and designating heirs from Princess Sophia of Hanover's Protestant lineage. -
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great BRITAIN : England and Scotland.
The two nations became a political union. -
The Age of Revolutions reforms and drastic change for British society. -
Ley by James Stuart, son of James II -
The jacobites are bitten in 1745, in the battle of Culloden. -
Separation from the kingdom of Great Britain. It is the founding document of the USA. -
Ireland is part of the Kingdom of Great Britain