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Martin Luther, a German monk, wrote "The Ninety-Five Theses". His ideas led to Protestantism. -
The Tyndale Bible is the translation in English of the New Testament, by William Tyndale. -
The Act of Supremacy made the king, Henry VIII, "Supreme Head of the Church of England". -
The break with the Catholic Church and the dissolution of the monasteries led to rebellions called "The Pilgrimage of Grace". They were the most serious rebellions ever faced by a Tudor monarch. They lasted 6 months. -
Publication of the Book of Common Prayer under Edward VI's reign, a protestant. Catholic doctrines were forbidden. -
Act of Supremacy : Elizabeth I became "Supreme Governor of the Church of England" and the Pope's authority was abolished.
Acte of Uniformity : People who didn't attend an Englican service had to pay a fine. The Book of Common Prayer came back. -
Published between 1563 and 1571, they brought 3 important changes to the Church : a new definition of sacraments and of the mass, a new ecclesiology and a new doctrine of Salvation. -
The pope Pius V excommunicated the Queen Elizabeth I, and accused her of being a heretic, of usurping the place of the Supreme Head of the Church. -
Mary Stuart was executed after Francis Walsingham, the queen's spymaster, discovered her involvement in the Babington Plot, an attempt to kill Elizabeth I. -
The King Philip II of Spain tried and failed to invade England. England was then seen as a country protected and blessed by God. -
A conspiracy by a small group of Catholics to overthrow Parliament and kill King James I. It was discovered and the leader of the group, Guy Fawkes, was arrested. -
The first year on the New Word was extremely difficult for the settlers, mostly due to shortage of water, conflicts with the Native Powhantan tribes or insufficient growing of crops. Only 60 of the 500 colonists survived. -
James I believed he could make peace between Catholics and Protestants by marrying his children to a Protestant Prince from a part og Germany and an Spanish Catholic Princess. But it led to a war when the Prince was invited to take the throne of Protestant Bohemia instead of the Emperor Ferdinand Habsburg. -
King Charles I declared formally war on Parliament. It was the start of the First Civil War. -
In 1649, a law was passed, abolishing monarchy. England will be ruled as a republic: the country was declared a Commonwealth.
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King Charles I, after being put on trial for high treason by the Rump Parliament, was executed. This was the end of the Second Civil War. -
The amount of tensions within the Parliament but also within the population, with royalists' revolts, led to the end of the Commonwealth. It then led to the start of the Cromwellian Protectorate, a military dictatorship. -
After Cromwell's death, his son Richard succeeded him. However, it lasted 6 months before he resigned, leading to a period of Anarchy. -
After Charles II issued the Declaration of Breda, promising a general amnesty, religious toleration and to share power with the Parliament, the monarchy was restored on 29 May 1660. -
The Popish Plot was rumored to be organized by the French to murder Charles II in order put James II on the throne, his Catholic brother. -
Charles II died and was succeeded by his brother James II, a Catholic. -
The Parliament invited William of Orange, the king's son in law, to invade England, to seize the crown and thus to prevent from a catholic heir. He met no resistance. -
The Toleration Act established religious pluralism, and freedom of worship for all Protestants. It put an end to religious repressions. -
The Bill of Right presented, for the first time, limits to the monarch's power. It also set out the Parliament's rights and the basic civil rights. -
This act ensured a Protestant succession but also put an end to the long-term disagreement between King and Parliament. -
After two unsuccessful risings in 1715 and 1745, the Jacobites were definitly defeated at Culloden. -
Britain gained Florida over the Spanish and most of Canada over the French. -
The Treaty of Paris confirmed and formalized the Declaration of Independence of 1776 of the United States. -
It was a revolt against British rule in Ireland, mostly influenced by the American and French revolutions. -
The first Act of Union happened in 1707 in was the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. It concerned England, Wales and Scotland. This second act had Ireland to the countries concerned.