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Period: 1509 to 1547
Reign of Henry VIII
He's the first Tudor king, he was catholic but wanted "catholicism without the Pope". -
1517
Martin Luther writing the Ninety-Five Theses
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1526
The Tyndale Bible
The New Testatment translated into English by William Tyndale -
1534
Act of Supremacy
Henry became the supreme head of the church. -
Period: 1547 to 1553
Edward VI's reign
He was protestant, so a lot of reforms in the clergy were made that led to the creation of a book named : Book of common prayer. -
Period: 1553 to 1558
Mary I's reign
She put catholicism back, and was named "Bloody Mary" because she killed plenty of protestants that fled away of the country. -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I's reign
She was protestant but wanted to calm the religious tensions in the country, so she made a compromise. She never married, and have to show her legitimacy to the throne to her people, because she's a female. She managed to be the goodest monarch for her subjects, even tho the country became really poor. During her golden age, arts and travels were blooming. -
Execution of Mary Stuart
She's the cousin of Elizabeth the first, but since she's her heir, Elizabeth killed her. Mary Stuart is the queen of Scots, she left a son after her death, she was catholic and before her execution she was a virtual prisonner of Elizabeth for 19 years. -
Attack of the Spanish armada and Tilbury speech
Spain attempted to attack England but lose the battle. She gave the Tilbury speech with soldier attire, at the same moment William Cecil her right hand delivered the same speech to the parlement. That speech gave her equality, legitimacy and "divine protection". -
East India Company
East India Company founded by royal charter. It began to build up a small empire of trading posts in India. Three main trading settlements: Bombay (Mumbai), Calicut (Calcutta), Madras (Chennai). The East India Company allowed England to control the trade of luxury goods like spices, cotton, silk and tea from India and China, and influenced politics. -
Period: to
Reign of James I
He is the son of Mary Stuart, he is king of Scots and after in 1603, after the death of Elizabeth I, he became king of England. He continued the Elizabethan laws about religion, he was actually a calvinist. He inherited debts, and started conflicts. -
The gunpowder plot
It is conspiracy of a small group of catholics that wanted to kill James I by blowing up the Parliament. They failed. -
Virginia became a permanant settlement
Walter Raleigh setted up 2 colonies in Virginia whom Jamestown, a permanant settlement. -
Period: to
The Starving Time
Period of starvation, only 60 of the 500 colonists survived due to a shortage of water and food. -
Discovery of a new type of tobacco
• Discovered by John Rolfe (a Jamestown settler) helped by his wife Pocahontas (daughter of the Powhatan’s chief) who taught him Indian techniques of cultivation
• New brand of tobacco first sold in England in 1614, huge success -
Period: to
The Thirty Years' War
War between England, France and Spain. The husband of Elizabeth Stuart, James I daughter, entered a war between him and Emperor Ferdinand Habsburg. The Emperor was supported by the Spanish armada, Elizabeth's husband, Elector Palatine, was supported by France and England. Elector Palatine lost, causing plenty of loss in England's finances. -
Plymouth colony
Plymouth colony (Puritans, left England on the arrival of James I on the Mayflower) -
Period: to
Charles I's reign
James I's son, married to Henriette Marie of France she's an absolutist and catholic. Ruled without Parliament for 11 years. -
Three Resolutions
The MPs passed the law that whoever tried to bring in “Popery or Arminianism” or to alter the protestant forms of the Church of England was an enemy of the Kingdom. Charles dissolved the Parliament after that. -
Charles I declared war on Parliament
Charles I marched into the House of Commons with troops and attempted to arrest the 5 MPs.
Charles formally declared war on Parliament. -
Period: to
The First Civil War
The First civil war would cost the lives of 190 000 Englishmen (in combat/from diseases) and last for four years. It was between the Royalists and the Parliamentarians. -
The New Model Army
Unlike the earlier regional armies, this was a national, centralized army, controlled and paid from Westminster rather than the counties.
Strong of 22 000 men
Armed with swords, pistols, pikes.
Wearing the redcoat
Religious fervour (nicknamed the “praying army”, soldiers carried Bibles in their breast pockets), convinced that the army was acting on God’s behalf. -
Period: to
The Second Civil War
The Second Civil War was made of a series of revolts in the South of England, Wales and Scotland.
The Royalists were easily defeated by Cromwell. -
Execution of Charles I and decleration of Commonwealth
Monarchy and House of Lords abolished, England was declared a Commonwealth. -
Period: to
The interregnum
Era between 2 reigns.
The Commonwealth with Charles II, Charles I's son (1649-1653) and the Cromwellian Protectorate with Cromwell (1653-1660). -
Period: to
James II reign
He was Charles II brother, a catholic. He was put in power after his brother. -
Period: to
William of Orange and Mary II's reign
James II fleed to France after William invaded the country. Mary II, the daughter of James II, reigned with William. It marks the end of the Stuart dynasty. -
Period: to
The Georgian era
4 kings named all George reigned one by one. -
First British Empire
In the 16th century, Britain began to establish overseas colonies. By 1783, Britain had built a large empire with colonies in America and the West Indies. -
Second Act of Union
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England and Scotland) and Ireland.