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Period: 1509 to 1547
Reign of King Henry VIII
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1534
Schism from the Roman Catholic Church under Henry VIII reign
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1534
Act of Supremacy
Acte de Suprématie qui fonde l’Église Anglicane et fait du roi Henry VIII le chef unique et suprême de l’Église -
Period: 1534 to
Début et fin de la frise
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Period: 1547 to 1553
Reign of King Edward VI
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1549
The Book of Common Prayer
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Period: 1549 to 1563
Council of Trent
held in the Italian city of Trent = the symbol of Counter Reformation
- the Roman Catholic church attempted to correct some of the abuses of the church
- and harshly condemned protestant heresies -
1553
Restauration of a Catholicism under Mary I reign
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Period: 1553 to 1558
Reign of Queen Mary I (Tudor)
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Period: 1558 to
Reign of Queen Elizabeth I
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1559
The Act of Uniformity
Religious belief
- every parish had to use the Book of Common Prayer
- people who did not attend an Anglican service were fined. -
1559
The Act of Supremacy
Church organisation
- abolished the authority of the Pope
- restored the authority of the Queen over the Church
- She became “Supreme Governor of the Church of England”. -
1559
New Church of England, the Anglican Church
A compromise created under Elizabeth I reign.
- Kept Catholic features (eg: episcopal structure > pyramid-like, with bishops and archbishops; kept priestly clothes)
- Adopted new Protestant ones (eg: Bible in English, no cult of saints or Virgin Mary)
- the aim was to appeal to the largest number. -
Period: 1563 to 1571
The 39 articles of faith
Doctrine
- stated the doctrine (religious belief) of the Church
- 3 important changes : a new ecclesiology (conception of the Church) / a new doctrine of Salvation (doctrine du salut) / a new definition of sacraments and of the mass
- still in use today -
1570
papal bull “Regnans in Excelsis”
A text created by the Pope Pius V
- it called Elizabeth “The so-called queen” (!), “a heretic favouring heretics”.
- It excommunicated Elizabeth
- = almost giving Catholics licence to kill her with the certainty that it would not be seen as a crime by Rome. -
1571
The Treasons Act
made it treason for anyone to say that Elizabeth was not the true Queen of England and Wales. -
1581
The 1581 Act
(“Act to retain the Queen’s Majesty’s Subjects in their due Obedience”):
- It provided for the death penalty for any person converting, or already converted to Catholicism.
- It was now forbidden to participate or celebrate the Catholic Mass
- Anglican services were compulsory: £20 per month fine. -
The Babington plot
Young Catholics had sworn to kill Elizabeth and put Mary Stuart on the throne but their strategies were discovered by Francis Walsingham, when he managed to decipher a coded letter between Marie Stuart and this group. -
The execution of Mary Queen of Scots
Mary Queen of Scots was convicted for complicity and sentenced to death. She was executed in 1587 in Fotheringham Castle, wearing a bright red dress, the colour of Catholic martyrs. -
Millenary Petition
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Period: to
Reign of King James I
James was proclaimed King of
Scotland in 1567, but was crowned King of England in
1603 on Elizabeth’s death -
The gunpowder plot
A conspiracy devised by a small group of Catholics to blow up
Parliament and kill James I. -
Establishment of Jamestown in Virginia
The first permanent settlement (1585 : a failed attempt by Sir Walter Raleigh to establish a settlement in Roanoke, Virginia)
Named after James I -
Period: to
The Starving Time
Period of starvation, only 60 of the 500 colonists survived. -
The King James’ Bible
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Period: to
The Thirty Years’ War
• Military defeats (Lord Buckingham, the King’s advisor became very
unpopular)
• England at war with Spain and France -
The first English colonies in the Caribbean
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Period: to
Reign of King Charles I
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Petition of Rights
• They requested the King to recognise the illegality of extra-parliamentary taxation, billeting, martial law, imprisonment without trial.
• Wanted to get Charles to recognise that there were limits to his powers
• Charles reluctantly signed it but was furious, and as MPs were
discussing impeaching Lord Buckingham again, he suspended parliament seating. -
Three Resolutions
Passed by the MPs -
Period: to
The Personal Rule
11 years when the King ruled without calling a parliament -
Period: to
The Scottish crisis
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Militia Act
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The Grand Remonstrance of 1641
It summarized all the wrong doing of Charles I and concluded on “revolutionary” demands -
Charles I attempted to arrest the 5 MPs in the House of Commons
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Charles I declared war on Parliament.
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Period: to
The First Civil War and the victory of Parliament
The First civil war would cost the lives of 190 000 Englishmen (in combat/from diseases) and last for four years. -
Pride's Purge
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Period: to
The Second Civil War
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King Charles execution
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Monarchy and House of Lords abolished
England was declared a Commonwealth (a republic) -
Period: to
The Interregnum
- England declared a “Commonwealth” = governed by its people without a King.
- But failure to reach stability and creation of a military protectorate ruled by Cromwell.
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Period: to
The Commonwealth
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King Charles I was executed
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Blasphemy Act
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The Instrument of Government
England’s first and only written constitution. -
Period: to
The Cromwellian Protectorate
The Protectorate was a MILITARY DICTATORSHIP.
Similar to a monarchy without a King. -
The Declaration of Breda
Issued by Charles II.
It promised:
- A general amnesty (pardon)
- To continue religious toleration
- To share power with Parliament
…in return for the restoration of monarchy. -
Period: to
Early Restoration
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The Restoration
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Outbreak of the Plague
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Great Fire of London
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The Popish Plot
Rumour of a plot organised by the French to murder Charles II and replace him by his Catholic brother James II. -
Period: to
The Exclusion crisis
Parliament attempted to debar James II from the succession to the English throne. -
The Glorious Revolution
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Toleration Act
established religious pluralism, and freedom of worship for all Protestants. -
The Bill of Rights
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The Act of Settlement
- Settled the order of succession and ensured a Protestant succession, ignoring dozens of Catholic heirs
- Successor: Hanoverian descendants of James I
- Key role in the formation of the Kingdom of Great Britain
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Act of Union between England and Scotland
Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain: England (and Wales) and Scotland, old dream of James I. -
Period: to
War of the Spanish Succession
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Period: to
Seven Years’ War
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Period: to
American Revolutionary War
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Declaration of Independence
Grievances against George III -
Treaty of Paris
Britain formally recognized the independence of the United States -
First British Empire
Britain had built a large empire with colonies in America and the West Indies -
Outbreak of the French Revolution
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Period: to
French Revolutionary Wars
Britain at war with France Combatting revolutionary ideology + maritime, colonial and economic motives -
Irish Rebellion
- an uprising against British rule in Ireland
- Influenced by the ideas of the American and French revolutions
- Presbyterian radicals + Catholics
- Rebels defeated (/atrocities)
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Acte d’Union de 1801
unit le royaume de Grande-Bretagne et le royaume d’Irlande, créant le Royaume Uni de Grande Bretagne et d’Irlande
Après un premier Acte d’union en 1707 unissant les deux royaumes d’Angleterre et d’Écosse -
Acts of Union
Created the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
Merged the Parliament of Ireland into the Parliament of the UK