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The opening of the Estates General took place in Versailles and it was a meeting of the three estates of pre-revolutionary France, formed by the clergy, nobility, and commons. 1200 deputies arrived for the event. King Louis XVI was forced to call together the Estates-General for inconvenience. Louis XVI of France had to deal with financial and social crises which ended with the Third Estate breaking from royal authority and forming a National Assembly, marking the start of the French Revolution.
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It was the first of four revolutionary governments in the French Revolution. It was created in the midst of the turmoil of the Estates General that Louis XVI called to deal with the economic crisis. The National Assembly was transformed into the National Constituent Assembly, is best remembered for passing the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen and spark the first violent act. The National Constituent Assembly was dissolved in with government passing to the Legislative Assembly.
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It was an important moment in the French Revolution, which overthrow King Louis XVI. In the Tennis Court Oath, the representatives of the non-clerics and nobles of France swore that they would not disperse until a constitution for France had been established. but the French Revolution soon got out of hand. The men of the National Assembly claimed they had the authority to build a constitutional government, they challenged the power of King Louis. This name has been given because of the location.
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It symbolized the end of the Old Regime, gave an irresistible boost to the French revolutionary cause and is one of the defining moments of the Revolution. Parisian revolutionaries and mutinous troops stormed the Bastille, the royal prison that had become a symbol of the tyranny of the Bourbon monarchs. On the 14th, a large crowd armed with various weapons began to gather around the Bastille. They entered and the governor was seized and killed, his head carried through the streets on a stake.
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They were a set of 19 articles approved by the National Constituent Assembly during the French Revolution that abolished feudalism in France and ended the tax privileges of the upper classes. The National Assembly, which was formed from the three states of pre-revolutionary France during the Estates General of 1789, sought to prove its dedication to the people. They wanted a judicial system where all citizens were equal before the law but many of the articles did not take effect immediately.
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It is one of the basic letters of human liberties, which contains the principles that inspired the French Revolution, written by two editors who prepared a draft that was later finished by 40 deputies who gave it the final form and adapted it to 17 articles. They were inspired by the writings of Enlightenment thinkers such as Montesquieu. The purpose of the political association was the preservation of these rights, classified as freedom, property, security, resistance to oppression and others.
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It was a pivotal and traumatic moment for France in the French Revolution when King Louis XVI, his wife Marie, and their children tried to escape from Paris.They reached the small town of Varennes-en-Argonne, where they were arrested and returned to Paris. The flight showed that Louis XVI could no longer be trusted and increased the hatred and mistrust of the people towards the monarchy. The idea of republicanism ceased to be a side issue. This marked the second great schism in the Revolution.
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Was the governing body of France during a year and replaced the National Constituent Assembly. The Legislative Assembly was formed under the Constitution of 1791, which created a constitutional monarchy with Louis XVI. The Assembly contained 745 deputies and almost half were Jacobin republicans while the rest were constitutional monarchists and political moderates. The Revolutionary War and its impact created a radicalism that overthrew the monarchy and was replaced by the National Convention.
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It was the government that existed from the approval of the new French constitution in 1792 until the Coup d'état in 1799, when Napoleon overthrew the ruling French Directory and replaced it. The republic was formed during the French Revolution, replacing the former Kingdom of France, and was at war throughout all of its existence, fighting for example against the Austrian Empire, Prussia, and various other reactionary European regimes during the French Revolution. They were Revolutionary wars.
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Felt threatened by foreign monarchs. The politics of the time inevitably led France to war with Austria and its allies. The king hoped that war would increase his personal popularity and make him stronger, feuillants, and the Girondins who wanted to export the Revolution to all of Europe, specifically wanted to make war. Monarchs of Prussia threatened to invade France. Furthermore, the king was not happy to share power. Thus France preemptively declared war on Austria and Prussia joined later.
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It marked a new phase in the Revolution. The Prussian chief called on the French revolutionaries to submit to their king. If violence was used against the royal family and the palace of the Tuileries, there will be consequences, as the destruction of Paris.The population of Paris and the National Guard which had gone over to the revolutionary side marched towards the Tuileries Palace went there, it was stormed and many people died, the Republic was proclaimed and ended the monarchy of Louis XVI.
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The National Convention was elected to provide the country with a new constitution after the overthrow of the monarchy. The Convention had 749 deputies, including businessmen, merchants and many professionals. Among his first acts were the formal abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of the republic. It went from being paralyzed by factional conflicts to becoming a legislative body finally accepting the Constitution of 1795. It abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic.
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It marked the death of the Old Regime. The royal couple was imprisoned, and the monarchy was abolished by the National Convention. Louis XVI was then discovered to have conspired with foreign powers, intrigued with Austria and other foreign nations and he was indicted by the National Convention for treason. Louis was sentenced to death, executed by guillotine in the Place de la Revolution in Paris. Nine months later, his wife was convicted of treason, she followed her husband to the guillotine.
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Robespierre and his allies were arrested by the National Assembly. Robespierre was taken to the Luxembourg prison in Paris, but was not imprisoned and fled to the Hotel de Ville. Soon after, troops from the National Convention attacked the Hotel de Ville and seized Robespierre and his 21 allies. The following night, they were guillotined without trial in the Place de la Revolution. Over the next few days, another 82 followers of Robespierre were executed. The Reign of Terror had come to an end.
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The directory was elaborated by the French Constitution since the National Convention agreed the executive power of five executive members, which was called the Directory, for four years. The Directors were men of little talent who practiced bribery and corruption and they did not know how to get up and solve the obstacles that the country was facing. The period of the Directory was one of plots and intrigues in the country and it suffered a widespread corruption that brought this into and end.
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Napoleon ruled for 15 years. He wanted to establish a strong dynasty within France and create a French-dominated empire in Europe. It was constantly at war, such as with Prussia and Austria. He frequently made mistakes in strategy, as in troop concentration and artillery deployment. A new alliance was formed between the other great powers in 1813. France fell to the invading forces of this coalition and Napoleon was exiled. He come back to be defeated at Waterloo when his reign was finally over.
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In 1804 Napoleon was crowned emperor and undertook campaigns of expansion. France was defeated for the first time in a pitched battle against Spain. However, Napoleon had control of almost all of continental Europe. After loosing Paris, Napoleon re-entered, forcing Louis XVIII to flee. Napoleon relaunched the wars trying to regain his power and the prestige of the Empire. However, the Waterloo campaign marked the last Napoleonic war. Napoleon had to go into exile into an island until his death.
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Was a naval engagement of the Napoleonic wars. It was fought west of Cape Trafalgar. A fleet of 33 ships French and Spanish, under Admiral Villeneuve fought against a British fleet of 27 British ships, under Admiral Nelson. Villeneuve received orders to abandon Cádiz and land troops in Naples. They left Cadiz hoping to enter the Mediterranean Sea without a fight but Nelson caught it off Cape Trafalgar and won. But Nelson also died, he was shot of his wounds at the moment of his greatest victory.
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Napoleon's French army fought against a Russian and Austrian army. It was the first engagement of the War of the Third Coalition and one of Napoleon's most important victories. His soldiers defeated the Russians and Austrians, forcing Austria to make peace with France and temporarily keeping Prussia out of the anti-French alliance. The French army had some 9,000 casualties in the Battle, while the allied Russian and Austrian forces had some 15,000 casualties and 11,000 of them were captured.
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The battle was fought in Leipzig, Saxony, with French soldiers and others under Napoleon's command, along with allied soldiers, including Austrian, Prussian, Russian, and Swedish forces. When the allied armies threatened Napoleon's line of communications through Leipzig, he was forced to concentrate his forces in that city. The number of troops surrounding him was increasing. On the 19th, Napoleon began the retreat, but a groups of soldiers blew up the bridge when it was full of French troops.
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It marked the end of his reign and French rule in Europe, when the forces were defeated by the Prussians and the British. He waited until noon to attack but the delay meant that the Prussian troops went to Waterloo and join the battle against the French. Napoleon gave one last push with the French Imperial Guard but the British were able to repel the advancing Napoleon's army. He made tactical errors, acted indecisively, and appointed inadequate commanders. Most of the dead were French soldiers.
