Expansion of Islam By Fikipe10 Jan 1, 616 Ali was assassinated 661 Jan 1, 656 Murder of Uthman Period: Jan 1, 656 to Jan 1, 661 first Muslim civil war Jan 1, 661 Muʿāwiyah then established himself as the first Umayyad caliph Jan 1, 661 Muʿāwiyah then established himself as the first Umayyad caliph Period: Jan 1, 661 to Jan 1, 750 Umayyads ruled Muslim Empire from Period: Jan 1, 661 to Jan 1, 750 Muslim Empire expanded 661-750 Period: Jan 1, 674 to Jan 1, 678 Romans stopped Islamic attacks against Constantinople 674-678 Jan 1, 685 Abd al-Malik solved language problem by declaring Arabic official language across Empire Jan 1, 711 armies crossed the Straits of Gibraltar to attack Spain 711 Jan 1, 717 , the Romans stopped Islamic attacks against Constantinople again Jan 1, 732 grandfather of Charlemagne, turned back a series of Islamic raids into France Jan 1, 751 Arabs won a great battle against Chinese Jan 1, 771 moved across the Strait of Gibraltar and conquered the Iberian Peninsula